信息线索变化条件下“性别/年龄”多重社会范畴的加工特性

The characteristics of Social Categorization: Under the change of multi-dimensional clues

选取40名老年人和38名年轻人做被试,以同时携带"年龄-性别"信息、体现着社会多重范畴的面孔作为靶子刺激,探究年龄或性别范畴中某一范畴发生变化时,多重社会范畴的类别化加工特性以及各个子范畴的类别化加工之间的相互关系。在此基础上进一步探讨了不同年龄(老年人-青年人)和性别(男性-女性)的认知者在面对社会多重范畴时相应的类别化加工过程是否存在差异。结果发现:当年龄或者性别中的某个社会范畴发生变化时,另一社会范畴的类别化加工未能达到完全自动化加工水平。具体地,年龄类别化加工的自动化程度高于性别;老年人对于面孔中的社会范畴信息的加工速度慢于年轻人;对老年面孔中的社会范畴信息进行加工需要耗费更多的认知资源;相对于老年女性而言,认知者更加偏好年轻女性的面孔。

The present research focused on exploring mechanism of social categorization, in order to know under the con-dition of multi-dimensional clues in face recognition, which kind of social category was first extracted and up to the automatic level. Garner′s selective attention paradigm was selected, a total of 78 people participate in this re-search. Thirty-eight young adults were recruited through the Shanghai normal university′s undergraduate participant pool and 40 older adults from the retirement communities or senior citizen centers. The results showed that： Indi-viduals did not automatically process object′s age and sex category simultaneously; Age and gender category changed at the same time which will weaken each other′s degree of automation processing, and the degree of au-tomation in the processing of age category class may be higher than the degree of automation in the processing of gender category class; the respond time of old people to recognize the category of faces was slower than young peo-ple; the processing of the old people′s facial feature costs more cognitive resources; age features of female faces are more obvious than male faces.