“要有创造性”指导语效应及其对创造性教学的启示

The Effect of Explicit Instructions to “Be Creative” and Its Implications for Creativity Teaching

"要有创造性"指导语效应(effects of explicit instructions to"be creative"),是指在创造力测验或实验任务中,明确要求"要有创造性"(be creative)的指导语,能够促进被试的创造性表现的现象。该效应的理论解释主要有最大化表现理论、目标设置理论和注意控制理论。在指导语中对"创造性"作出解释、创造性任务的类型以及被试特征,都会影响"要有创造性"指导语效应的产生。在创造性教学过程中,可以根据"要有创造性"指导语效应发生的机制,从设置创造性目标、根据任务特征施加精细指导、结合学生特征实施个性化教学三个方面,设计创造性活动,以促进学生创新能力的发展。

The effect of explicit instructions to ＂ be creative＂ refers to the phenomenon that instructing people to ＂ be creative＂ before a creative task can lead to more creative responses. To date, the be-creative effect has been in-terpreted from the views of maximal performance, goal-setting and controlled-attention. Several factors have been found to be associated with the occurrence of this effect, including guidance of instructions, types of the creative tasks, as well as the cultural and individual characteristics of the participants. The effect of explicit instructions has important implications for creativity teaching. During the teaching for creativity, instructors should set explicit creative goals for the students, elaborate instructions for different tasks, and adapt teaching to the individuals with different cultural and intellectual characteristics.