纳米材料对水中病原微生物的控制研究进展

Removal of pathogenic microorganisms in water with nanomaterials:A review

近年来,水资源的微生物安全性逐渐引起关注,传统的消毒技术(如氯消毒、紫外消毒)已不能满足社会发展的需求,纳米材料的迅速发展为水中病原微生物控制技术的革新提供了良机。本文综述了近年来利用零价金属纳米材料(如银、铁)、金属氧化物纳米材料(如二氧化钛)和碳基纳米材料(如碳纳米管)等纳米材料控制水中病原微生物的研究现状,分析了纳米材料去除水中病原微生物的机理,从纳米材料自身特性(如尺寸、化学组成、化学结构和表面修饰等)、微生物(如微生物种类、微生物初始浓度等)和环境条件(如pH值、溶解氧等)3个方面阐述了影响纳米材料去除水中病原微生物的主要因素,指出了纳米材料在去除病原微生物的应用中存在的问题,展望了纳米材料在水中病原微生物去除方面的发展方向。

In recent years,the microbiological safety of water resources has attracted more and more attentions. Traditional disinfection technologies,including the chlorine disinfection and the UV disinfection,are unable to meet the needs of social development. The rapid progress of nanomaterials provides a good opportunity for developing a removal technology of pathogenic microorganisms in water. This paper reviews the removal of pathogenic microorganisms with nanomaterials,including the zero-valent metal nanomaterials such as the nano silver and the nanoscale zero- valent iron,the metal oxide nanomaterials such as the nano titanium dioxide and the carbon- based nanomaterials such as the carbon nanotubes. The removal mechanism of pathogenic microorganisms in water with nanomaterials is analyzed.The major factors affecting the removal of pathogenic microorganisms with nanomaterials are discussed from three aspects,including the nanomaterial characteristics（size,chemical composition,chemical structure,and surface modification）,the microorganism（microbial species and initial concentration of microorganism） and the environmental conditions（p H value and dissolved oxygen）. The existing problems and challenges in the application of the pathogenic microorganisms removal with nanomaterials are summarized,and the related suggestions are made.