2014年-2015年镇江市外环境禽流感病毒监测与分析

Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza virus in environments in Zhenjiang during 2014-2015

目的了解镇江市活禽市场等外环境样本中禽流感病毒的动态分布情况,为防治人感染禽流感提供科学依据。方法采用实时荧光定量PCR法对2014年-2015年镇江市外环境标本(清洗禽类的污水、笼具表面及禽类粪便等)进行禽流感病毒核酸检测,阳性者进一步检测H5、H7N9、H9亚型核酸,监测数据用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果共采集外环境标本1 058份,甲型通用病毒核酸阳性标本共284份,总阳性率为26.84%;H5、H7N9、H9亚型和混合感染的检出率分别为5.10%、17.67%、3.02%和1.04%。外环境标本中禽流感核酸阳性率有明显的季节性,冬季、春季高于夏季。禽流感病毒检出率最高的标本为清洗禽类的污水(41.57%),最低为鸡食(3.23%)。结论镇江市城乡活禽市场与宰杀加工场所等外环境中有H5、H7N9、H9等多种亚型禽流感病毒存在,建议继续加强外环境禽流感实时监测,对发现禽流感病毒变异、预防控制禽流感具有重要的意义。

Objective To understand the dynamic distribution of avian influenza virus in environments in Zhenjiang,such as live poultry market,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus.Methods From 2014 to 2015,the samples of poultry washing water,cage surface smears and feces were collected from the surveillance sites to detect nucleic acid of avian influenza virus with real- time PCR,and the positive samples were further detected for H5,H7N9,H9 nucleic acid. SPSS 19. 0 software was used to analyze the surveillance data statistically. Results In total,1 058 environmental samples were collected,and 26. 84% were tested positive for nucleic acids common to the avian type A influenza virus. The positive rates of H5,H7N9,H9 and mixed infection were 5. 10%,17. 67%,3. 02% and 1. 04%,respectively. The results indicated that the positive rate of nucleic acid in environmental samples exhibited seasonality,and was significantly higher in winter and spring. The sample specific detection rate was the highest in poultry washing water（ 41. 57%）and the lowest in chicken feed（ 3. 23%）. Conclusion Avian influenza virus subtype H5,H7N9,H9 circulate in the environments in Zhenjiang,especially in alive poultry markets and poultry slaughtering and processing sites. It is recommended to continue strengthening the real- time monitoring on avian influenza,which is of great significance for the detection of avian influenza virus variation and prevention of avian influenza.