生物质秸秆气化灰渣基多元素农作物复合肥的研制

Preparation of Multi-element Crop Fertilizer by Biomass Straw Gasification Ash

利用生物质秸秆灰渣中的营养元素和有益元素对土壤水稳定性团聚体具有重要作用,开展生物质秸秆气化灰渣基多元素农作物复合肥的研究。试验以生物质秸秆气化灰渣为原料,废硫酸量、蒸馏水量、堆置时间和不同生物质秸秆气化灰渣为影响因素,研究多元素农作物复合肥的制备方法和条件。结果表明:多元素农作物复合肥制备的最佳工艺条件为废硫酸量60%(以40 g生物质秸秆气化灰渣为标准),蒸馏水量为总质量的80%,油菜秸秆气化灰渣,堆制时间30 d。将该条件下制备的多元素农作物复合肥均匀撒入含水率≥45%的土壤中养护30 d,测得土壤中粒径≥2 mm(指2 mm<粒径<3 mm、3 mm<粒径<5 mm、粒径>5 mm团聚体含量的总和)水稳定性大团聚体含量为59.7%,粒径<0.25 mm水稳定性微团聚体含量为41.4%,与未加入多元素农作物复合肥的土壤相比,粒径≥2 mm水稳定性大团聚体含量增加了40.9%,粒径<0.25 mm水稳定性微团聚体含量下降了10.9%。这说明多元素农作物复合肥有效地起到改良土壤、废弃资源再利用的作用。

To change waste into treasure and recycler waste resources, multi-element crop fertilizer was prepared by analyzing the composition of biomass straw gasification ash. With biomass straw gas- ification ash as raw materials, and amount of waste sulfuric acid, amount of distilled water, compos- ring time and different biomass straw gasification ash as influencing factors, preparation methods and conditions of multi-element crop fertilizer were optimized. The results showed that the optimum con- ditions of multi-element crop fertilizer preparation ： amount of waste sulfuric acid 60% （ 40 g biomass straw gasification ash as the standard）, amount of distilled water 80% of the total mass, composting time 30 days. The multi-element crop fertilizer prepared under the optimum technological conditions was evenly scattered into the soil whose moisture content was not less than 45% and whose conserva- tion had lasted for 30 days. The content of big aggregate （ particle size ≥ 2 mm） measured in the soil was 59.7%, with an increase of 41.4% compared with the content of big aggregate （ particle size I〉 2 mm） in soil where multi-element crop fertilizer was not applied. The content of soil micro-aggre- gate （ particle size 〈 0.25 mm） decreased to 40. 9%, with a decrease of 10. 9% compared with the content of micro-aggregate （ particle size 〈 0. 25 mm） in soil where multi-element crop fertilizer was not applied, which indicates that nutrient elements and beneficial elements in multi-element crop fertilizer has been completely absorbed by the soil, playing a role in improving soil and recycling re- sources.