机械化秸秆深还机具的临界规模分析及机具配备

Critical Scale Analysis and Machinery Allocation of Straw Deep Returning

秸秆深埋还田是农作物秸秆综合利用的一项主要措施,能有效改善辽西旱区存在的"气候干旱、耕层浅薄、土壤有机质低"的问题。在实践基础上优化了机械化秸秆深埋还田机械化作业工艺,确定了机械化秸秆深埋还田关键作业机具。为了提升秸秆深还机械化水平,实现机具的合理配备与选型,以技术经济学中的成本理论为基础,建立机械化秸秆深还技术中深开沟、秸秆配肥深施、覆土起垄机具的作业费用数学模型,进而分析主要机具的工作效率、作业成本、最小和最大临界规模;提出了100 hm2玉米秸秆机械化深还技术机具配备方案,实现玉米联合收获、秸秆深埋还田、免耕播种,达到节本增效的目的。

Straw deep returning is one of the main measures of crop straw comprehensive utilization. It can effectively improve the western arid area of Liaoning province, where there exist the problems of ＂dry climate, shallow topsoil, and low soil organic matter＂. The study carried out a series of re- searches and demonstrations of straw deep returning in the western arid area of Liaoning province. Mechanized working process and key operation equipment of mechanical straw deep returning were determined. To enhance the level of mechanization in straw deep returning and realize reasonable al- location of machines, mathematic models were developed for deep ditching, straw returning, ridging and harvesting machine for straw deep returning on the basis of technical and economic theory. Work efficiency, work cost and minimum/maximum scales were analyzed. A machine allocating plan for 100 hectares straw deep returning in corn planting was put forward to realize corn combined harves-ting, straw deep buried returning and no-till seeding to save cost and increase efficiency.