道教性观念的转变与天师道男女合气术

History of Taoist sexual techniques and itstransition in ethics

早期天师道普遍存在着男女合气的仪式与修炼,六朝"清整道教"后逐渐消失。对于消失的原因,学界普遍认为是当时佛教对合气之术的抨击与封建社会的世俗压力,本文根据福柯"性—权力"理论对其重新分析,认为除去外部原因,合气之术存在着宗教的阴阳交合论与性快感的内在矛盾,这一矛盾是推动其改革的重要内因。合气术的出现和消失,证明了作为中国传统宗教的道教,其性观念与佛教、基督教的独特之处,同时从侧面反映出了中国宗教与性的关系。

This article elaborated on the history of Taoist sexual techniques and its changes in ethics. Current research showed that the reason for the disappearance of Taoist sexual techniques was the contrariety of Buddhism and mundane ethics. But according to Foucault＇s theory of the power and sex,on the one hand,the authority influenced the Taoist sexual ethics. On the other hand,the contradiction between the sexual pleasure and the concept of Taoist sex was important. It also reflected the relationship between the sexual ethics and the religion in Ancient China.