某三级甲等综合医院的医院感染流行病学分布

Distribution of epidemiology on nosocomial infection in a tertiary hospital

目的研究医院感染的流行病学分布特征，为提高医院感染管理水平、降低医院感染率提供参考建议。方法采用回顾性研究方法，从某三级甲等部队综合医院信息系统提取2014年医院感染病人1099人次，利用SPSS16．0软件对医院感染人群的三间分布特征（人群分布、时间分布、空间分布）进行描述和统计分析。结果2014年全院的感染率为4．18％。医院感染病例男女比例为1．21：1。90岁以上人群医院感染率达到11．4％。呼吸道感染占全院感染总数的39．22％。时间分布上，1月份的医院感染率最高（6．69％）。医院感染病人的平均住院日比全院高8天。内科的医院感染率是外科的3．12倍。结论今后的工作中，医院感染管理者及医务工作者，应该加强对高危人群、高感染率科室和易感染部位的监管，进一步缩短平均住院日，降低医院感染率，节约医疗资源。

Objective To research the distribution of epidemiology of the nosocomial infection and to make reasonable suggestion in the nosoeomial infection management system. Methods With retrospective study methods, data of 1099 patients with nosocomial infection in 2014 were drawn from HIS （ Hospital Information System）, and SPSS 16.0 software was used to ana- lyze the three-dimension distribution characteristics. The main statistical methods included descriptive statistical analysis and X2 test. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 4.18%, and the ratio between male and female was 1.21 ： 1 ; the nosocomial infeetion rate of patients aged over 90 was 11.4% ; respiratory tract infection patients accounted for 39.22% of the total; com- pared to other time, the highest nosocomial infection rate was in January （6.69%） ; compared to all patients, the average length of stay of nosocomial infection patients was more than 8days ; the ratio between internal medicine and surgical department was 3.12 ： 1. Conclusion In future, administrators of nosocomial infection and medical workers should make great effort to super- vise high-risk groups, high infection rate of departments and the susceptible position, to reduce the average length of stay, cut down the nosocomial infection rate, and save medical resources.