罪责原则和客观处罚条件

Liability Principle and Objective Punishment Condition

罪责原则是现代刑法的基本原则,预防的观念必须以罪责边界为限度。在阶层犯罪论体系下,客观处罚条件的存在不能违反罪责原则,所以不允许不法相关的客观处罚条件的存在。在不改变四要件犯罪论格局的情况下探讨客观处罚条件是没有意义的。我国刑法中疑似"客观处罚条件"(以及其反面排除刑罚事由)的要素其实不是不法构成要件要素,就是排除责任事由(排除预防必要性),真正基于刑法体系外目的考量因素而存在的与不法无关的客观处罚条件其实并不存在。罪责原则也不能被主客观相统一原则所代替。

Liability Principle is a fundamental doctrine of modern criminal law theory. Measures based on prevention must be constrained by the limit of personal guilty. In the hierarchic crime system, the exit of the Objective Punishment Conditions should not violate the Principle of Liability.Therefore the unlawfulness relative Objective Punishment Conditions are not allowed. Without changing the pattern of four-elements crime system to discuss the Objective Punishment Condition is meaningless. The suspected 'Objective Punishment Conditions' in Chinese Criminal Code(and its opposite: exclude punishment excuses) are in fact either the unlawfulness-relative elements of the constituent elements, or the excuses(in this case the need for prevention is excluded). The real Objective Punishment Condition that is outside the criminal justice system and based on non-criminal considerations does not exist. Liability Principle cannot be replaced by the Principle of Unity of Subjective and Objective.