现代西方哲学的“对话”之维:从布伯、伽达默尔到哈贝马斯

The Dimension of Dialogue of Contemporary Philosophy:from Buber, Gadamer to Habermas

西方哲学的对话维度在其发端之时便已敞开,及至现代则是大放异彩。后期维特根斯坦、阿伦特、列维纳斯与罗尔斯等哲学家都为之着意甚多,而布伯、伽达默尔与哈贝马斯更为之倾力无数。布伯试图开显对话人生与哲学的另一条可能通道,并一反传统哲学对"实体概念"的钟情而转向对"关系概念"的推崇,从而使关系思维、对话思维成为其哲学建构的本体论承诺。伽达默尔将解释学引向对话理论,坚持理解既非追寻原意、亦非任由主体对文本纵情演绎的解释学诉求,从而使得现代解释学成为一种消解基础、悬置中心,且又综合理论与实践两个维度、双重任务的对话哲学。而哈贝马斯则试图彰显语言的规范力量,基于普遍语用学所内蕴的"对话资质理论"、"语用学的意义理论"

The dialogic dimension of contemporary western philosophy has unfolded since its beginning,and it has been remarkable in contemporary age. Late Wittgenstein, Arendt, Levinas, Rawls and other philosophers concentrated on it, moreover, Buber, Gadamer and Habermas paid even more attention to it.Buber tried to emerge another way of dialogue life and philosophy. He transformed the passion of concept of substancein traditional philosophy into the canonization of relationship concept,in order to let the relationship thoughts and the dialogue thoughts become the foundation of ontology of his philosophical construction. In addition, Gadamer drew hermeneutics to the theory of dialogue and insisted that the understanding is neither a search for original intention nor a hermeneutic appeal interpreted randomly by subject, which make modern hermeneutics become a kind of eliminating basis, suspending center and integrating theory and practice dialogue philosophy with two dimensions and double tasks. What's more, Habermas tried to demonstrate the force of norm of language; reveal the origin and basis of moral, political and legal life, which rely on the theory of dialogue qualification and the meaning theory of pragmatics included in the universal pragmatics;and insist on the cognitivism interpretation of moral and the dialogism interpretation of politics and law, so as to achieve pragmatics construction of the dialogue philosophy.