供给不足与制度冲突——我国大学中跨学科组织发展的新制度主义解析

Deficiency of Institutional Supply and Institutional Conflict——A Study on Developmental Dilemma of Interdisciplinary Organizations in China's Universities from the Perspective of New Institutionalism

从新制度主义的视角来看,我国大学中跨学科组织的发展困境主要是由于包括政府、高校、企业和专业学术团体在内的有关行为体,在促进跨学科组织发展的规制、规范和文化—认知制度要素上供给不足,以及现有制度要素内部的冲突和制度要素间的不协调所导致的。制度要素的供给不足与冲突主要表现在:政府旨在推动高校跨学科发展的规制无法得到大学内部及时而有效的规制响应;受传统系科制的影响,大学内部的学科规范仍然强势地挤压着跨学科规范的确立与实施;企业等民间机构作为跨学科研究重要助力者,其活力和效力尚未得到充分的释放与实现;保守的学科文化与认知仍然在一定程度上阻碍跨学科共识的形成。

From the perspective of new institutionalism, the developmental dilemma of interdisciplinary organizations in China＇ s universities is rooted in deficiency of institutional supply, caused by the government, universities, enterprises and professional academic or- ganizations, in aim of promoting the development of interdisciplinary organization, and insti- tutional conflict and contradiction within and among the different parts （regulation, norm and culture-cognition） of institution. The institutional conflict and contradiction can be seen as follow, relative regulations from government, in aim of promoting ioterdisciplinary devel- opment, still couldn＇t be supported by the ones from universities; on the effect of traditional department system, the disciplinary norms still strongly hinder the forming and working of interdisciplinary norms within universities; the energy and potency from enterprise as an im- portant actor couldn＇t be fully released and inspired yet; the conservative disciplinary culture and cognition may still impede the forming of interdisciplinary common view to some degree.