葡萄品种资源裂果性状调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Cracking Trait in Grape Berry

选取252个鲜食葡萄品种(111个欧美杂种,141个欧亚种),分别在转色期、成熟期、过熟期采集果实,通过清水浸泡试验,了解比较其裂果情况。结果表明,葡萄裂果症状有环裂、纵裂、纵环裂和龟裂等,龟裂只在欧亚种葡萄出现;欧亚种葡萄比欧美杂种葡萄裂果严重;成熟期裂果最严重;欧美杂种小果粒葡萄品种更容易裂果;果皮厚、果肉质地软的葡萄不易裂果。不同葡萄品种的裂果倾向性存在较大差异,通过研究清水浸泡后葡萄发生裂果的情况,对葡萄裂果有了初步认识,为葡萄品种选择及葡萄育种亲本选择提供一定理论支撑。

The berry traits of 252 grape cultivars （including 111 cultivars of hybrids of Vitis vinifera and V. labrusca, and 141 cultivars of V. vinifera） were investigated. Grape samples from veraison stage, mature stage and full mature stage were collected and treated by immersing into the water, and then the relationship between berry traits and the cracking rate was analyzed, and the cracking rates of the cultivars of hybrids of V. vinifera and V. labrusca and V. vinifera were analyzed. The results showed that grape berry cracking includes ring cracking, vertical cracking, vertical-ring cracking and crevasse cracking. The berry cracking in V. vinifera was more serious than that in hybrids of V. vinifera and V. labrusca. Moreover, grapes at mature stage have higher cracking rate than the other two stages, and cultivars with small grape berry were easy to suffer from cracking, while cultivars with thick skin and soft flesh were not easy to suffer from cracking. By studying the relationship between grape berry traits and berry cracking, we can get insights into the mechanism of grape cracking. Moreover, it can provide guidelines for the reduction of the cracking rate of grape and theoretical foundation for and breeding. the selection of cultivars and parents in viticulture