辽代“斡鲁朵”内的渤海人移民

Bohai Immigrants in Woluduo of Liao Dynasty

斡鲁朵制度是游牧民族实行的一种特殊的军政建制,作为首领的私产由其子嗣继承。契丹建国后,该建制成为一种皇家制度被确立并延续,辽代被称为"宫卫"制度。整个辽代一共建有十二个宫卫和一个类似宫卫的府。契丹灭亡渤海后,大量渤海人被移民到辽境易地设置州县而治,而这些州县很多被划归斡鲁朵辖领。因此,有大量渤海人被填充到斡鲁朵(宫卫)中成为宫户。这些渤海户与其他民户一样,在斡鲁朵(宫卫)内承担着赋税徭役等职责,但是其社会地位却普遍不高,受到宫主和辽廷的双重压迫。

The Woluduo system was a kind of special military and political system of nomadic nationality, as tile leader＇s private property was inherited by his male offspring. After the founding of the Qidan, the or- ganizational system as a royal system was established and continued, in Liao Dynasty called Gongwei system. The Liao Dynasty altogether had 12 Gongwei and a Fu which similar Gongwei. After the Qidan perished the Bohai, a large number of the Bohai people were immigrated to the Liao territory, and in- corporated into the Woluduo, so there were a lot of Bohai immigrants became the Gonghu（宫户）. These Bohai immigrants in the Woluduo assumed the responsibility such as tax and corvee, but their social status generally were not high, influenced by double oppression from the Gongzhu （宫主）and the Liao Dynasty.