财政支出对陕西城乡居民收入差距的影响效应及策略选择

The Influence of the Financial Expenditure on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents in Shaanxi and the Strategy Choices

当前陕西城乡收入差距依然呈现日益扩大的局面,导致出现这种现象的原因是多方面的,而财政支出就是其中一个重要方面。财政支出作为政府收入分配的重要调节手段,是否真的能够有效促进城乡居民收入增长并改善收入差距持续扩大的局面?本文立足国库视角,选取陕西1978-2015年的实际数据,利用协整检验和脉冲响应函数等方法,实证分析了陕西省财政支出对城乡居民收入差距的影响效应,结果表明:经济增长和财政支出水平既显著扩大了城乡居民收入差距,也导致了转移性收入差距的恶化。因此,单纯增加财政支出规模未必能够缩小收入差距,优化财政支出结构才是最优策略。

At present, the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding increasingly. The reasons leading to this phe- nomenon are various, and one important aspect is the fiscal expenditure. As an important means for the government to regulate and dis- tribute the income, can the fiscal expenditure effectively promote the growth of urban and rural income and improve the situation of the increasing expanding of the income gap？ From the angle of the state treasury, selecting the actual data of Shaanxi from 1978 to 2015, using cointegration test and impulse response function and other methods, the paper makes an empirical analysis on the impact of Shaanxi＇ s financial expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural residents. The results show that the economic growth and the fiscal expenditure levels both significantly widen the income gap between urban and rural residents and lead to the deterioration of the transfer income gap. Thus, simply increasing the size of the fiscal expenditure may not be able to narrow the income gap, and opti- mizing the structure of the fiscal expenditure is the optimal policy.