俄语祝贺言语行为的语用特征分析

A Pragmatic Analysis on the Speech Act of Expressing Congratulations in Russian

祝贺作为人们日常交际中频繁使用的一种礼仪性言语行为,在维系和巩固交际双方的人际关系方面起着十分重要的作用。基于此,文章以言语行为理论为支撑,对祝贺与祝贺言语行为的概念进行了界定,探讨了俄语祝贺言语行为的结构要素,对比分析了祝贺与祝愿的异同,力求多角度揭示俄语祝贺言语行为的语用特征,深化俄语学习者对祝贺言语行为的认识和了解,以提高言语交际能力。

Expressing congratulations is highly frequent speech act as one of routine speech rituals,which plays an important role for maintaining interpersonal relationship. With the speech act theory as the base,the concept of congratulation and congratulating as a speech act is defined. The structure and constituents of congratulation expressions in Russian are studied to show the difference and similarities. Efforts are made to reveal the pragmatic features from multiple angles to promote the Russian learners＇ understanding of this phenomenon and improve their communicative competence.