现代农产品加工产业升级模式构建及评价

Construction and evaluation of modern agricultural processing industrial upgrading model

中国农产品加工业进入由要素驱动到创新驱动的转变,以科技创新为核心构建产业升级模式进而引动资本进入指导行业发展意义重大。该研究从农产品加工业发展要素分析,提出现代农产品加工产业四创新,即科技创新、产业创新、市场创新、管理创新。在此基础上,利用系统学的理论、工具和方法,获得在构建科技创新系统、产业创新系统、市场创新系统、管理创新系统4个系统基础上耦合形成现代农产品加工产业升级模式的构建打下方法论的基础。按照科学性、简明性等原则,采用专家咨询法构建4个层次、19个指标的现代农产品加工产业升级模式实现度评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用模糊综合评价方法对甘薯加工企业进行实证,评价结果为2.9058,表明该模式处于中等水平,评价结果与调研结果相一致。通过评价可以找到农产品加工企业发展中存在的相对优势和劣势,找出薄弱环节。该研究结果为传统农产品加工产业转型升级提供参考。

China＇s agricultural product processing industry is changing from be driven by factors to by innovation, and the scientific and technological innovation is as the core to build industrial upgrading pattern, and then introduces the capital to enter and guide the development of the industry, which is of great significance. In this paper we analyze the factors of theagricultural product processing industry, and put forward four kinds of innovations, which are technological innovation, industrial innovation, market innovation and management innovation. Four systems, i.e. the scientific and technological innovation system, the industrial innovation system, the market innovation system and the management innovation system are constructed, and the theory, tools and methods of systematology with the coupling form of the systems are adopted, which lay a methodology foundation for constructing the upgrade mode of the modern agricultural product processing industry. According to the principles of science, practicality and simplicity, the weights of these indices were reckoned by the comparison matrix of analytic hierarchy process built in the software of MATLAB 7.6. Partial classification criteria of evaluation index system were built by the combined method of qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation. By using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the whole staffs of 15 people, who were industry experts and scholars, government regulators, and technical and managerial personnel from agricultural product processing enterprise, evaluated the agricultural product processing pattern implementation degree. Shandong Surabaya Crystal Starch Products Co., Ltd. in Sishui County, Shandong Province, China, was chosen for a case study. The enterprise was founded in 2000. The main product of the enterprise is traditional sweet potato starch, starch sheet, and so on. Due to the problems of traditional sweet potato processing industry, the company is facing the development bottleneck. In recent years, the company and the universities, scientific research institutes have established an integrated model of science and technology cooperation, and the direction of products focuses on the healthy consumption market, the construction of sweet potato whole industry chain development planning, the phased development key technology and the realization of the industrialization. At the same time, the enterprise establishes a modern enterprise management system with a clear property right, and connects the company with capital markets, expands the financing channels, and establishes the specialized marketing system, which obtain the good results. A system of comprehensive evaluation index system for the modern agricultural products processing model was established, which consists of 4 criteria layers and 19 indices. The empirical analysis showed that the Shandong Surabaya Crystal Starch Products Co., Ltd. had a comprehensive evaluation score of 2.9058, which indicated that the model was in the medium level, and the evaluation result was consistent with the real production. The following respects should be paid more attention： Production-teaching-research combination method of cooperation needs to be more in-depth and detailed; Enterprise needs to be transformed and upgraded, and at the same time, there exists the shortage of the human resources and the technology and management talent, and hence the requirement for the upgrading and the shortage of the resource do not match; Low carbon technology application still needs the policies to guide and support, and to define the new product＇s contribution to the total needs to effectively combine the actual production with the company market development ability; Company marketing ability still needs to strengthen, and the cultivation of team innovation spirit and innovative culture remains to be improved. The system of clear property right of modern enterprise management should be improved to attract capital to stimulate enterprise to enter a stage of rapid development. Through the evaluation, the relative advantages and disadvantages existing in the development of agricultural product processing enterprises can be found. The study not only has a high reference value for the transformation and upgrading of traditional agricultural processing industry, but also provides a theoretical support for the research of modern agricultural industry mode.