2ZGK-6型可调宽窄行高速水稻插秧机设计与试验

Design and experiment of 2ZGK-6 type spacing-adjustable wide-narrow row high speed rice transplanter

针对我国水稻生产存在类型品种多、土壤水肥条件差异大,现有水稻插秧机作业行距固定,难以满足水稻生产对插秧行距的要求等问题,研究设计了2ZGK-6型可调宽窄行高速水稻插秧机,其插秧宽行距为300 mm,窄行距为200～300 mm,可以调节。该机器是在久保田SPU-68C型高速水稻插秧机基础上研制而成,根据插秧行距可调要求,确定了关键结构参数,并设计了正反向双螺旋行距调节机构、偏心轮锁紧装置和分体组合式秧箱等关键部件。样机田间试验结果表明：该机作业性能良好,伤秧率小于2.5%,漏插率小于3%,相对均匀度合格率大于96%,漂秧率小于2.5%,翻倒率小于2.5%,插秧深度合格率大于92%,均符合《水稻插秧机技术条件》（GB/T 20864-2007）,满足实际生产要求,提高了水稻生产率和机械化水平。

Rice production is distributed broadly in China. The rice growing environment conditions are different in different regions, so there is large difference in rice transplanting spacing. Even in the same growing area, the rice transplanting density and the planting spacing are different due to the difference of the transplanting rice species and the growing conditions. The wide-narrow row planting is beneficial to the field management, which can effectively use the field marginal effects, improve the performance of air and light, and enhance the plant photosynthesis. The microclimate in the field is changed to reduce the humidity between plants, and the pests and diseases of rice. Considering the diversity of rice species and the conditions of soil, water and fertilizer, the conventional transplanter which had fixed row spacing, including the constant row spacing transplanter and the wide-narrow row spacing transplanter, could not meet the rice spacing requirements and caused the low adaptability and the low efficiency. For overcoming above shortcomings together with considering the quality of mechanized transplanting and the agronomic requirements of rice, a spacing-adjustable wide-narrow row high speed rice transplanter, which could transplant the rice seedlings with wide row spacing of 300 mm and adjustable narrow row spacing in the range of 200-300 mm,was designed creatively by using the technology of multi-body dynamics, multidisciplinary design optimization, virtual prototyping and simulation. The force analysis of seeding box, supporting beam and screw shaft was carried out to achieve their reasonable structures. The transplanting spacing of this machine was adjustable according to the requirements of specific rice planting density. The machine could meet the agronomic requirements of rice planting spacing in the different regions, and achieved the full potential of individual strain and rice population and improved the adaptation scope and use efficiency. The rice tranplanter was developed based on the Kubota SPU68 C high speed rice transplanter. The key structural parameters of the machine were determined according to the adjustable spacing performance requirements. A coaxial forward and reverse double-helix adjusting mechanism, an eccentric locking mechanism, a separable combination seeding box and other key parts were designed and manufactured. According to the agronomic requirements of mechanized transplanting technology for different rice species, the single cropping mid-season rice species Xinliangyou 98 and the double cropping late rice species Zhendao 18 were chosen as test materials, the field experiments were carried out with the prototype of spacing-adjustable wide-narrow row high speed rice transplanter, and the transplanting seedling quality and the machine performance were studied. Field test results showed that the machine performance was pretty good, the damaged rate of seedling was less than 2.5%, the leakage transplanting rate was less than 3%, the qualified rate of relative uniformity degree was more than 96%, the floating rate of seedling was less than 2.5%, the overturning rate of seedling was less than 2.5%, and the acceptance rate of planting depth was more than 92%, which met the Criteria of Rice Transplanter Technical Conditions（GB/T 20864-2007）. The good actual yield results were also achieved with planting the single cropping mid-season rice species Xinliangyou 98 with wide row spacing of 300 mm and narrow row spacing of 250 mm, and the double cropping late rice species Zhendao 18 with wide row spacing of 300 mm and narrow row spacing of 200 mm. The effect of transplanting spacing on the yield of the double cropping late rice is larger than that on the single cropping mid-season rice. The machine has changed the conventional mechanical rice transplanting method. It meets the actual rice production requirements in different regions, effectively solves the problems of the transplanter with fixed spacing which is difficult to meet the diversity of rice species and growing environments, improves the adaptability and the efficiency of machine, and raises the productivity and the mechanization level of rice production.