联合核磁共振和恒速压汞方法测定致密砂岩孔喉结构

Combining nuclear magnetic resonance and rate-controlled porosimetry to probe the pore-throat structure of tight sandstones

对5块致密砂岩样品进行恒速压汞、核磁共振及微米CT测试实验,对实验结果进行综合对比,分析恒速压汞刻画孔隙分布及孔喉比参数的局限性,提出联合核磁共振和恒速压汞测定致密砂岩孔喉结构的方法。恒速压汞准全孔隙分布的左峰（反映喉道）与核磁共振基本一致,右峰（反映孔隙）与核磁共振具有相似的体积比例和不同的分布范围;恒速压汞采用等效球体半径计算孔隙体大小,计算值明显大于实际孔隙的最大内切半径;核磁共振利用孔体积和表面积之比推算孔隙半径,计算值接近最大内切半径。从核磁共振全孔隙分布中去掉恒速压汞喉道分布的贡献,可得到全孔径范围内的孔隙体分布,在此基础上,结合恒速压汞的喉道分布可全面评价孔隙和喉道的连通关系。恒速压汞计算孔隙和喉道半径的方法不同,其推算的孔喉比均值多大于100.0,而联合核磁共振推算的孔喉比均值分布在7.5-64.0。恒速压汞联合核磁共振是全面认识致密砂岩孔隙和喉道大小分布的有效方法。

Rate-controlled porosimetry（RCP）, nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） and micro CT tests were conducted on five tight sandstone samples, the results were compared to reveal the limitations of RCP in determining the pore size distribution（PSD） and pore to throat ratio（PTR）, and then an effective method to test the pore-throat structure of tight sandstone by combining NMR and RCP was proposed. The quasi-PSD derived by RCP was bimodal, the left peak of which corresponding to throats was in good agreement with that of NMR, while the right peak corresponding to pore bodies had similar volume content and different distribution range with that of NMR. RCP reflected an equivalent spherical radius of pore body, and the calculation was significantly larger than the maximum inscribed radius（MIR） of the actual pore body with the same volume; whereas in NMR, the ratio of pore volume to surface area was used to estimate pore radius, and the pore radius calculated was close to MIR. The full-range pore body size distribution was determined by substracting the RCP-derived throat size distribution from NMR-derived PSD, and then the pore throat connectivity was evaluated comprehensively. The mean value of PTR calculated by RCP was larger than 100.0 due to the differences in the calculation method between pore body size and throat size in RCP, while the mean value of PTR calculated by combining NMR and RCP ranged from 7.5 to 64.0. It is concluded that the combination of RCP and NMR experiment is an effective way to comprehensively reveal the distribution of pore and throat sizes in tight sandstone.