供给侧结构性改革的原因与突破:基于收入势能的考察

Reasons for Supply-front Structural Reform and Breakthroughs: Based on the Potential Energy Model about Income

经济新常态下,处于中等收入阶段的中国经济为什么要推进供给侧结构性改革与如何推进,是值得深入研究的重要问题。文章引入收入势能概念并构建模型,就中国推进供给侧结构性改革的原因和突破口展开分析。收入势能是因为收入快速增长导致高、低收入者之间出现收入势差而形成的影响收入增长、以势能形式存在的能量,收入势能过大会影响劳动者的生产积极性,最终损害劳动生产率。最小势能原理也表明收入差距拉大会降低群体工作协调性。当前我国存在明显的区域经济差距,收入势能也呈增长态势,并且作为一个庞大的经济体我国不可能长期维持在一个最小势能范围。基于此,文章在探讨中等收入陷阱形成原因的基础上,明确了我国推进供给侧结构性改革的突破口。研究表明,结构性改革就是要充分利用市场的力量,以提高劳动力流动性为突破口,让劳动力等要素资源自由流动,从而重新组成合适的生产群体,降低因收入势能所导致的群体非协调性,最终改进劳动生产率,提升供给侧生产效率和生产能力。

Under the backdrop of the ＂new normal＂ of the Chinese economy, why Chinese economy in the middle-income stage should promote the supply-front structural reform and how to promote the reform, are the very important issues worthy of further study. This paper introduces the concept of potential energy about income and constructs a potential energy model about income to make an analysis of reasons for supply-front structural reform in China and the breakthroughs. The potential energy about income means the energy influencing income growth and being in the form of potential energy, which results from income potential gap between high and low income earners owing to rapid income growth. And excessively large potential energy about income can affect labor force＇ production enthusiasm and ultimately harm the labor productivity. According to the principle of minimum potential energy, it would reduce the coordination of group work by widening income gap. However, there is an obvious economic gap in current China and also a trend towards growing potential energy about income. As so large-scale economy, China＇ s economic potential energy cannot maintain for a long time in the range of the minimum potential energy. Based on the discussion of reasons for the formation of middle income trap, it clarifies the breakthroughs of the advancement of the supply-front structural reform in China. It shows that structural reform is to make full use of the market power, take the increase in the mobility of labor force as the breakthrough, make element resources like labor force flow freely, reconstitute the suitable production groups, reduce group asynchrony resulting from potential energy about income, and eventually improve labor productivity and supply-front production efficiency ＆ capabilities.