家长对学龄前儿童体型认知的现状和需求分析

Cognition status and requirement analysis of parents about physique of preschool children

目的了解家长对学龄前儿童体型的认知现状，探讨其儿童体质量保健的需求，为对儿童家长开展针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法2012年3-4月在北京、天津、上海、广州、杭州、海口、成都、武汉、柳州9个项目地区采取整群抽样的方法在56家幼儿园调查学龄前儿童家长对儿童体型评价、测量儿童身高和体重的频次、保持儿童正常体重的方法等内容，测量儿童的身高、体重。采用χ^2检验、Kappa检验和Logistic回归方法进行统计学分析。结果共分析11934例唆据，家长认为孩子目前的体型偏瘦、匀称、偏胖的比例分别27．08％、65．18％和7．73％，家长对儿童体型的认识与采用WHO标准对儿童BIVII评价的一致率为57．78％，40．30％和1．93％的家长低估和高估儿童体型，差异有统计学意义（加权Kappa=-0．205，P〈0．001）。男童家长的评价与采用WHO标准评价的一致率为51．91％，46．88％和1．21％的男童家长低估和高估儿童体型；女童家长的评价与采用WHO标准评价的一致率为64．26％，33．02％和2．72％的女童家长低估和高估女童体型。每3个月、6个月为孩子测量一次身高的比例分别为23．75％和8．23％，测量体重比例分别为23．77％和6．68％。结论调查地区家长不能正确评价儿童体型的比例较高，儿童保健知识和技能需求大。应对家长开展针对性的儿童保健健康教育，提高他们对儿童身高、体重生长的知识和技能，促进学龄前儿童身高增长、控制体重和预防肥胖的发生。

Objective To understand cognition status of parents about physique of preschool children, explore the requirement of children＇s health care, provide a basis for parents carrying out corresponding health education. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to collected the preschool children from 56 kindergartens in 9 project areas （ Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Haikou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Liuzhou） from March to April in 2012, the survey contents included parents＇ evaluation about physique of these preschool children, the frequency of height and weight measurement, and the methods of maintaining normal weight of children. Children＇s height：and weight were measured. χ^2 test, Kappa test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 11 934 cases were analyzed, 27.08% , 65.18%, and 7.73% of the children＇s parents thought that their children were thin, well-built, and fat, respectively. The concordance rate of parental evaluation of children＇s physique and WHO standard of BMI was 57.78% ; 40. 30% and 1.93% of the parents underestimated and over-estimated children＇s physique respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （Kappa = -0. 205, P〈0. 001 ） . The concordance rate of parental evaluation of boys＇ physique and WHO standard of BMI was 51.91% ; 46. 88% and 1.21% of the parents whose children were boys underestimated and over-estimated children＇s physique respectively. The concordance rate of parental evaluation of girls＇ physique and WHO standard of BMI was 64. 26% ; 33.02% and 2. 72% of the parents whose children were girls underestimated and over-estimated children＇s physique respectively. Only 23.75% and 23.77% of the parents measured children＇s height and weight every 3 months, 8. 23% and 6. 68% of the parents measured children＇s height and weight every 6 months. Conclusion Most of the parents don＇t know children＇ physique accurately in the region, the requirement is great in knowledge and skill of child health care. Corresponding children health education should be carried out among parents to improve their knowledge and skill of child height and weight, promote increase of children＇s height, control weight and prevent obesity.