长春市部分小学生健康知识及行为现状调查

Survey on health knowledge and behaviors of some pupils in Changchun city

目的了解长春市小学生基本健康知识及行为，以便为有针对性地开展小学生健康教育提供参考。方法采取整群随机抽样方法抽取长春市4个区4所小学1—6年级共1395名小学生，利用项目组自制健康知识及行为调查表进行调查。结果回收有效问卷1395份，男生706名，占50．6％；女生689名，占49．4％。在健康知识方面，45．1％的学生不知道牙刷使用多长时间应更换，50．8％的学生认为其他人吸烟所产生的烟雾对自身的健康是有害的，接受过洗手、刷牙、合理饮食、控烟及预防被动吸烟的学生分别为53．8％、49．7％、38．9％、41．6％。在健康行为上，11．5％的学生每天中午睡午觉，12．8％的学生现在使用的牙膏为含氟牙膏，55．3％的学生采用正确的方式刷齿间缝隙，46．7％的学生平时正确刷牙齿表面，48．1％的学生有喝酸奶、牛奶等奶制品的习惯，43．4％的学生一日三餐能量配比合理。结论小学生健康知识及行为整体发展不平衡，基本健康需求有待改善，学校、家庭及社会应加强对小学生基本卫生知识及技能的指导。

Objective To understand current basic health knowledge and behaviors of primary school students in Changchun city, provide a basis for carrying out health education among primary school students. Methods A total of 1 395 primary school students of grade 1- 6 were selected from four primary schools in four districts of Changehun city by cluster random sampling method, a self-designed,health knowledge and behaviors questionnaire was used to survey the primary school students. Results A total of 1 395 valid questionnaires were retrieved, 706 boys （50.6%） and 689 girls （49.4%） were included. Among the primary school students, 45.1% of them didn＇t knew the using time of toothbrush; 50. 8% of them knew the harm of smoking smog to their health; 53. 8%, 49.7%, 38. 9%, and 41.6% of them received hand washing, brushing, reasonable diet, smoking control and passive smoking prevention; 11.5% of them had a nap every day at noon, 12. 8% of them were using fluoride toothpaste, 55.3% of them took the right way to brush the gap between the teeth, 46. 7% of them correctly brushed the tooth surface, 48. 1% of them had the habits of drink yogurt, milk, and other dairy products, the three meals of 43.4% of the students were reasonable in energy ratio one day. Conclusion The overall development of health knowledge and behaviors of primary school students is not balanced, the basic health requirements needs to be improved; schools, families, and society should strengthen basic health knowledge and skill guidance for primary school students.