高考统考科目的“文科偏向”与隐性教育不公平——基于场域-文化资本的视角

RecessiveEducational Inequality: “Liberal Art Bias” of Unified Exam Subjects in the Field of University Entrance Exam-from the Perspective of Cultural Capital

考试分数是高考场域的"王牌"资本,能在很大程度上摒弃家庭出身的影响,因此高考制度具有很高的公平性。然而自全国统一高考制度尤其是高中新课程改革实施以来,统考科目呈现出明显的"文科偏向",这种游戏规则容易导致隐性的教育不公平。具体表现为三个方面:高考制度的公平性因文化资本转换成分数的可能性提高而降低;与城市中上阶层相比,农村学生、城市下层学生因文化资本数量和质量的低下而处于不利位置;与女孩相比,男孩因文化资本结构的"不合理"而处于劣势。因此,调整统考科目的"文科偏向"、为不利群体提供更多的文化资源、反思学科的性别意识形态就成为破解隐性教育不公平的必然选择。

Test score isthe key capital in the field of college entrance exam, and it can alsoabandonthe influence of family background, therefore the collegeentrance examination system has fairness. However, since the establishment of national unifieduniversity entrance exam system, especially the new curriculum reform of high school, unified exam subjects have showed obvious ＂liberal artbias＂ which is easy to cause recessive educational inequality. There are three kinds of performance： the fairness of the college entrance examination system reduces because of an increase in the possibility of cultural capital converting score; compared with students of middle and upper class in the city,rural and urban below-middle class students are at a disadvantage because of the lack of cuhuralcapital quantity and quality; compared with girls, the boys are in adverse position because of ＂unreasonable＂ structure of cultural capital. Therefore, adjusting ＂liberal art＂ bias of unified exam subjects, providing more cultural resources for disadvantage groups and reflecting gender ideology of disciphneis the inevitable choices of solving recessiveeducational inequality.