居住模式对老人福利的影响:基于代际关系的视角——来自我国老人膳食质量的证据

The Impact of Living Arrangements on the Elderly Welfare from a Perspective of Intergeneration Relationship:Evidence from Chinese Elderly Dietary Quality

在我国老龄化程度不断加深的过程中,老人的居住模式选择及其福利问题变得越来越重要。我国传统的与子女合住的居住模式真的能改善老人福利吗?文章以我国老人的膳食质量为例,基于我国独特的"双向反馈"代际关系,从"亲代需求"和"子代需求"两个方面来讨论亲子合住居住模式对老人福利的影响,并利用2009年与2011年中国居民健康与营养调查(CHNS)的数据加以实证检验。研究表明:(1)与子女合住的居住模式非但没有改善反而降低了老人的平衡膳食得分,尤其在低龄老人、农村老人和女性老人中更为明显。(2)从影响渠道来看,亲子合住居住模式家庭中老人为满足子女的抚幼需求而无私地投入时间和精力,但老人的照料需求却没有得到很好的满足,代际关系重心向下偏移是造成老人膳食质量下降的主要原因。文章为不同居住模式下老人福利干预政策的制定和社会养老服务体系的建设提供了实证依据。

In the process of increasingly deepening aging population in China,the se-lection of the elderly living modes and the elderly welfare are becoming more and more im-portant.Does tradition living mode together with sons and daughters in China improve the elderly welfare really？ Based on the unique intergeneration relationship of two-way feed-back,this paper takes the elderly dietary quality as an example,and discusses the effect of living together with sons and daughters on the elderly welfare from the perspectives of pa-rental demand and offspring demand.And it conducts an empirical test by using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009 and 201 1.It comes to the following conclu-sions：firstly,living together with sons and daughters reduces the balanced dietary scores of the elderly instead of improving the elderly welfare,especially in terms of the younger, rural,and female elderly;secondly,as for effect channels,the elderly living together with sons and daughters selflessly devote themselves to the child care,but their own care de-mands are not satisfied better;the downward shift of the core of intergeneration relations accounts for the reduction in the elderly dietary quality.This paper provides empirical evi-dence for the formulation of intervention policy on the elderly welfare with different living forms and the construction of social pension service system.