青岛市南区小学生营养现状及干预效果

Investigation on nutritional status and nutritional intervention of pupils in Shinan district of Qingdao

目的了解青岛市小学生营养状况及营养知识、态度、行为现状,为探讨强化干预措施的有效性提供参考依据。方法在青岛市市南区全部小学开展为期1年的综合干预,在此基础上,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法选取4所小学三~五年级学生分为干预组(697人)和对照组(731人),干预组进行强化干预,并在干预前后对调查对象进行问卷调查和体格检查,对干预效果进行评估。结果强化干预后,干预组小学生的营养知识知晓率提高到70.33%(P<0.01);干预组小学生"每天都吃早餐""经常吃新鲜蔬菜和水果""每天都喝奶""放学后及周末进行体育锻炼"的健康行为养成率均上升(P值均<0.01);2013年与2014年比较,干预组小学生BMI增长值为(0.60±1.56)kg/m2,对照组为(1.06±1.51)kg/m2,对照组小学生BMI指数增长值高于干预组;干预组和对照组营养状况改善均不明显(P值均>0.05)。结论有针对性的营养健康教育对提高小学生营养知识知晓率、健康行为养成率和预防肥胖的发生等方面优于综合干预。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior status of primary school students in Qingdao City, and to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of the further promotion of interventional measures.Methods The method of stratified random cluster sampling was employed to carry out a comprehensive intervention for 1 428 pupils from 3-5 th grade selected from Shinan District, Qingdao City. And these pupils were randomly divided into two groups control group（ 697） and experimental group（ 731）. Intensified intervention was carried out in control group by conducitng group interventions questionnaires and physical examination before and after intervention to evaluate intervention effects. Results After strengthening intervention, the nutrition knowledge awareness rate of the intervention group increased to 70. 33%（ P 〈0. 01）. The rate of health behavior of the intervention group, including that of eating breakfast everyday, eating fresh vegetable and fruit frequently,drinking milk every day, doing physical exercises after classes and during weekend, was generally increased（ P〈0.01）. Compared with that of 2014, BMI index of the intervention group pupils in 2013 increased by（ 0.60±1.56） kg / m^2, the control group by（ 1.06±1.51） kg / m^2, and BMI index of the control group was higher than that of the intervention group; The improvement of the nutritional status of both groups was not obvious. Conclusion Pupils for targeted nutrition education was better than comprehensive intervention in improving awareness rate of nutrition, health behavior rate and the prevention of obesity and other aspects.