非洲核电工业发展热潮的冷思考

The Calm Thoughts on the Development Upsurge of the Nuclear Power Industry in Africa

以电力缺口巨大、电气率低、电力价格昂贵以及供电稳定性差为特征的电力问题长期制约着非洲国家的经济发展。由于核能具有清洁、高效的特点,加上非洲拥有丰富的铀矿资源,21世纪以来埃及、南非等非洲国家纷纷启动了核电开发计划。不过,基于非洲核能工业发展的历史基础,非洲核电工业存在上下游发展结构畸形、缺少自主发展能力、核安全管理机制欠缺,以及安全环境堪忧等问题,在短时间内难以迎来突破式发展。未来,非洲国家需要从加强电力基础设施建设、进行政策调整、加强国际合作等方面入手,解决电力短缺问题。

Power problems which are characterized by serious power shortage, low electricity rate, expensive electricity price and poor power supply stability have been a serious constraint to the economic development of African countries for a long time. Because of the clean and efficient characteristics of nuclear energy and the abundant reserves of uranium in Africa, Egypt, South Africa and many other African countries have launched their nuclear power development plans. However, combined with the analysis of the development process of African nuclear industry, many problems, such as structural abnormalities, the lackness of independent development capacity, the lackness of nuclear safety management and the shortage of security environment, can been seen, so that it is difficult to make a breakthrough development in African nuclear power industry. Power infrastructure construction, policy reform and international cooperation are the key issues to solve the power shortage problem of African countries.