令戈错湖芯重建过去17ka青藏高原大气环流变化

Variation of the mid-latitude westerlies and Indian summer monsoon since the last deglaciation: Evidence from grain-size data from Linggo Co, central Tibet

亚洲季风和西风作为北半球重要的大气环流系统,对青藏高原冰川进退、水量平衡及生态环境变化具有重要意义.大量研究重建了两者的强弱变化,但是末次冰消期以来,西风与亚洲季风强度变化仍然存在争议.青藏高原中部令戈错湖泊岩芯样品重建的末次冰消期以来令戈错粒度与介形虫氧同位素记录表明,17~11.7 ka,令戈错水位较浅且波动频繁,西风是气候变化的主要影响因素,研究区环境变化与北大西洋冷事件关系密切;11.7~10ka,对应于印度季风的增强,令戈错水位迅速升高,冬季风力变小,印度季风取代西风成为控制环境变化的主要因素;10~8 ka之后,令戈错水位略有降低,可能对应于印度季风的减弱或者冰川融水的减少;8 ka之后,响应于印度季风逐渐减小,令戈错逐渐萎缩,西风可能存在增强.末次冰消期以来西风与印度季风强弱演替历史可以归纳为：16.5 ka之前,中纬度西风强盛,青藏高原大部分区域均由西风控制,与北大西洋气候变化表现出较好的耦合关系;16.5~11.5 ka气候格局与现今类似,西风控制着青藏高原中-北部地区,而青藏高原南部受印度季风影响更大.早中全新世,夏季太阳辐射增加,印度季风增强;晚全新世,印度季风减弱,西风可能对青藏高原西部以及北部存在影响.

The mid-latitude westerlies and Indian summer monsoon（ISM） have a significant impact on the water budget and general environment of the Tibetan Plateau（TP）, and much work has been conducted in order to characterize variations in these two atmospheric circulation systems on various time scales. However, the nature of the interplay between the Asian summer monsoon and the westerlies during the last deglaciation remains controversial. In this study, a sediment core from Linggo Co, a closed lake in the central TP, was analyzed for grain size and ostracod content. The results suggest that environmental change in the Linggo Co basin during the past 17 ka can be divided into four stages： during Stage 1（17–11.7 ka） Linggo Co was a shallow lake characterized by high amplitude hydrological fluctuations. Strong winds prevailed in winter, correlative with cold events in the North Atlantic region, and indicating the dominance of the westerlies. During Stage 2（~11.7 ka）, in the early Holocene, Linggo Co expanded rapidly and there was the disappearance of the shallow-water ostracod species Limnocythere inopinata together with a decrease in mean grain-size. These changes indicate that ISM was enhanced and that it was the dominant atmospheric circulation affecting TP rather than the westerlies. During Stage 3（10–8 ka） Linggo Co experienced several intervals with a negative water budget, which may be attributed to a weakening of the weaken ISM or to the reduced influx of glacial meltwater as a result of the influence of cold climatic events. During Stage 4, after 8 ka, Linggo Co shrank progressively in parallel with a gradual weakening of the ISM and finally a transition to the present environment occurred at ~2.5 ka. A comparison of the record from Linggo Co and other records from the TP reveals that prior to 16.5 ka the mid-latitude westerlies was the dominant atmospheric circulation system controlling the entire TP. From 16.5 to 11.5 ka, the mid-latitude westerlies still controlled the central-northern TP; however, the ISM controlled the southern TP, which had a similar climatic pattern to the present day. During the early-middle Holocene, the ISM was the dominant system affecting the entire TP; however, its influence was considerably reduced during the late Holocene, which was probably accompanied by a strengthening of the westerlies.