不同施肥条件下北方夏玉米农田土壤氨挥发研究

Soil ammonia volatilization under the different fertilization in summer corn farmland in North China

通过用间歇密闭室抽气法对不同施肥方式下的夏玉米田间土壤氨挥发进行了研究。结果表明:基肥与追肥氨挥发一共持续了15d与11d,基肥时期氨挥发累积量在2.970~4.123kg·hm^(-2)之间,占施肥量的0.81~1.65%;追肥时期累积量在6.240~8.347kg·hm^(-2)之间,占施肥量的3.1~4.6%。不同施肥处理氨挥发的总量范围在2.914~3.920kg·hm^(-2)之间,占施肥量的2.3~3.0%;垄作覆膜是降低氨挥发损失的有效施肥方式;而追肥条件下,有机物料还田、施用复合肥和添加尿酶抑制剂会增加氨挥发强度。本次试验结果表明,即使在碱性土壤上,在严格的控制条件和良好的施肥管理条件下,氨挥发损失量仅占总施肥量的约1~2%。

By using intermittent airtight extraction method,different fertilization modes for summer corn field soil ammonia volatilization was studied. The results showed that basal and top dressing ammonia volatilization lasted15 d and 11d; in basal dressing period the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was between 2. 970 - 4.123kg·hm-2,accounting for 0. 81 - 1. 65% of the fertilizer; in top dressing period the cumulative amount of ammonia volatilization was between 6. 240 - 8. 347kg·hm-2,accounting for 3. 1 - 4. 6% of the amount of fertilizer. For different fertilization treatments the total amounts of ammonia volatilization were in the range of 2. 914 -3. 920kg·hm-2,taking 2. 3 - 3. 0% of the amount of fertilizer. The plastic mulching was an effective way to reduce fertilizer ammonia volatilization losses; while under water and fertilizer conditions,organic materials returning to field,application of fertilizer and adding urease inhibitor increased ammonia volatilization intensity. The results showed that even in alkaline soil,under strictly controlled conditions and good fertilizer management conditions,ammonia volatilization loss could be only about 1 - 2% of the total amount of fertilizer.