某校1起水痘爆发疫情的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on an outbreak of varicella in a school

目的调查1起学校水痘爆发疫情,查找爆发原因,并提出针对性防控措施。方法对学校爆发水痘进行诊断和流行病学调查,并对疫情爆发原因进行流行病学分析;采取针对性的防控措施控制疫情。结果发生的18例水痘病例分布于1个年级,发病时间为4月28日—5月23日;提示病例与后发病例存有流行病学接触史;所有病例均无水痘疫苗接种史。通过采取隔离治疗病例、健康教育等综合性防控措施,疫情持续5 d无后续病例发生,疫情得到控制。结论疫情的及时发现报告、隔离治疗病人、通风消毒、预防接种、健康教育对水痘疫情的控制有重要作用。

Objective To investigate a school varicella outbreak, find out the cause, and propose targeted prevention and control measures. Methods A school varicellaoutbreak was diagnosed and epidemically investigated, and the cause of it was epidemically analyzed and appropriate control measures were adopted to control the epidemic. Results total of 18 varicella cases occurred and distributed in one grade of a primary school, and the time of its onset was from April 28 to May 23. After the index case, other cases had epidemiological contact history. All the patients had no history of varicella vaccination. By taking a comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as isolation and treatment of the varicellacases, and health education, the disease continued only for five days and then no subsequent cases occurred, and the epidemic was controlled. Conclusion To find oat and report the epidemic situation timely, isolation and treatment of patients, well ventilation and disinfection, vaccination, and health education are the key to control the varicella epidemic.