义符的类别一致性和家族大小影响形声字的语义加工

The effects of category consistency and neighborhood size of the semantic radical on the semantic processing of Chinese character

采用行为实验和眼动技术考察义符的类别一致性和家族大小对形声字语义加工的影响。结果发现:(1)在一致性判断和视觉选择中均存在着字词水平的类别一致性效应,义符同整字类别一致的字容易认知。(2)义符的家族大小影响形声字的语义加工,义符家族大,汉语母语者对形声字的加工更容易采用形旁推理策略。(3)义符家族的类别一致性影响形声字的语义加工。(4)义符家族的类别一致性和家族大小效应受义符与整字的类别一致性调节。

Semantic radical is an important component in a phonetic compound character which is related to the meaning of the whole character. Characters sharing the same semantic radical comprise the semantic radicals family. The difference induced by the neighborhood size of semantic radicals is called the semantic radicals neighborhood effect. The semantic radicals＇ category consistency is also important in processing Chinese characters. Two kinds of consistency effects were included. One of them is the category consistency on word level, indicating the consistency between a category denoted by the semantic radical and a category denoted by the whole word; The other one is category consistency on category level, indicating whether family members of semantic radicals have a very close category. Previous studies have found both the consistency effect and the neighborhood effect of semantic radicals. However, divergence is still existed among these conclusions. It is unknown whether the neighborhood size effect of semantic radicals is adjusted by the category consistency, and whether processing a character is influenced by the family consistency of semantic radicals. The present study was designed to address these questions. Two behavioral experiments and one eye movement experiment were conducted in this study. In Experiment 1, 22 undergraduates were recruited and a 2（neighborhood size： large, small） × 4（priming condition：R＋S＋, R-S＋, R＋S-, R-S-） design was used. The materials included 128 word stimulus pairs; each condition has 16 word stimulus pairs. Participants were asked to judge the semantic category consistency between two successive words fast and accurately. In Experiment 2, 30 undergraduates were recruited and the same design with Experiment 1 was adopted. After one word was presented in the uppermiddle of the screen, four words were presented below the first word. Participants were then asked to choose two words consistent with the meaning ofthe first word. The selection proportion and eye movement data including the dwell time, fixation counts, and the first fixation index were also recorded. In Experiment 3, 23 undergraduates were recruited and a 2（family consistency degree of semantic radical： high, low） × 2（category consistency between semantic radical and whole word： consistency, non-consistency） experimental design was used. The materials included 72 word stimulus and participants were asked to judge the consistency between the semantic radical and the whole word. Behavioral and eye movement data were analyzed. Word-pairs relation effect was found. The reaction time of R＋S＋ was shorter than R-S＋, while the reaction time of R＋S- was longer than R-S-. Differences in relation condition were found in dwell time and fixation counts. Interaction effects were found between the neighborhood size and category consistency. Characters with a large neighborhood size had a higher error rate on the R＋S- condition, while characters with a small neighborhood size had a higher error rate on the R＋S＋ condition; The characters with a large neighborhood size had a higher selection proportion than the small one on the condition of R＋S-. Eye movements data showed that Chinese characters with a large neighborhood size were focused earlier on the R-S- condition. In Experiment 3, for transparency words, the higher of the family semantic radical consistency degree, the reaction time was shorter and the error rate was lower; For opaque words, the higher of the semantic radical consistency degree, the error rate was higher. Results indicated that processing a phonetic compound character were influenced by the category consistency on word level, category consistency on category level, and the neighborhood size of semantic radical. The role of semantic radicals＇ family characteristics was adjusted by the category consistency on word level. A new model about the semantic radical influencing on the process of the semantic category was proposed.