一种便携式高原增压头盔的研制及其防治急性高原病效果的初步研究

A portable plateau pressurized helmet and its application for prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness: a preliminary study

目的基于增压原理研制一种便携式高原增压头盔，并探讨其防治急性高原病的效果。方法设计、研制的便携式高原增压头盔由加压泵、压力传感器、头罩、颈圈、安全阀、呼吸嘴、反馈回路等部分组成，可通过电动或手动加压方式增加头罩内气压，同时通过压力传感器、安全阀和反馈回路控制等措施确保头罩内气压在预设范围内。在大型低压舱模拟不同海拔高度（3 500 、5 000 m）高原环境下，观察健康青年男性志愿者佩戴头盔（头罩内气压范围分别为0.4~1.0、0.4~1.4、0.4~1.6 kPa）过程中，血氧饱和度（percutaneous oxygen saturation，SpO2）和心率（heart rate，HR）的变化。进而在海拔3 650 m 高原现场,选择急性高原反应患者按随机数字表简单随机化分为对照组和头盔干预组，观察应用该头盔（头盔内气压为0.4~1.4 kPa）对急性高原反应患者的SpO2、HR和急性高原反应症状评分的影响。结果在模拟海拔3 500、5 000 m高原环境中，使用头盔可明显提高SpO2、降低HR。在高原现场，与对照组比较，使用头盔可提高急性高原反应患者的SpO2，降低患者的HR和急性高原反应症状评分（P〈0.05）。结论 研制的高原增压头盔携带使用方便，可显著提高血氧饱和度，降低心率，适用于改善高原缺氧和防治急性高原病。

Objective To design and develop a portable plateau pressurized helmet based on the principle of pressurization, and to determine its effect on prevention and treatment of acute high altitude diseases. Methods The portable plateau pressurized helmet contained high pressure pump, pressure sensor, head cover, collar, safety valve, breathing nozzle and feedback loop etc. The pressure in the head cover could be increased by electric or manual. At the same time, it could ensure that the pressure was kept in the preset range by using the pressure sensor, safety valve and feedback loop control measures. In the simulated hypoxic environment （3 500 and 5 000 m）, the changes of percutaneous oxygen saturation （SpO2） and heart rate （HR） were measured by using helmet （the pressure range in the head cover was 0.4～1.0, 0.4～1.4 and 0.4～1.6 kPa） of the healthy young male volunteers. And further, at the high altitude （3 650 m）, selection of acute mountain sickness patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. The effect of SpO2 and HR and symptom score were observed in the acute mountain sickness patients by using the helmet （the pressure range in the head cover was 0.4～1.4 kPa）. Results In the simulated hypoxic environment of 3 500 and 5 000 m, the helmet increased the level of SpO2 and decreased HR obviously. At the high altitude, the helmet increased the level of SpO2 and decreased HR significantly （P〈0.05）, and the symptom scores of the acute mountain sickness patients was decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, both when compared with the control group. Conclusion The portable plateau pressurized helmet, easy to carry and use, can increase the level of SpO2 and decrease HR significantly, and is suitable to improve high altitude hypoxia, prevent and treat acute high altitude disease.