全球价值链、出口国内附加值与比较优势:基于跨国样本的研究

Global value chains,domestic value added in exports and comparative advantage: a case study of transnational samples

本文利用现有的全球价值链分析框架,考察了全球价值链、出口国内附加值和GVC显示性比较优势三者之间的关系。结果表明:全球价值链参与率和出口国内附加值、GVC显示性比较优势呈倒U型关系;全球价值链地位指数与出口国内附加值、GVC显示性比较优势呈U型关系。引入国家组别交互项后,在促进国内附加值出口和提升比较优势方面,全球价值链对参与率较高、处于价值链下游的发达国家的影响要强于同水平的发展中国家,而对参与率较低、处于价值链上游的发展中国家的影响要高于同水平的发达国家。本文结论的政策含义表明,GVC参与率较低的发展中经济体应积极融入价值链生产,并且向价值链上游攀升,这将有利于发展中经济体获取较高的出口本国附加值收益和实现贸易竞争力的提升。

Taking advantage of the framework of global value chain analysis,we examine the relationship among globalvalue chains,domestic value added exports and the GVC revealed comparative advantage. We have the results asfollows. GVC Participation Index has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the domestic value added exportsand with the GVC revealed comparative advantage. The GVC position Index has a U-shaped relationship withthe domestic value added exports and with the GVC revealed comparative advantage. Besides,after introducingthe interaction terms of national group,we find that developed countries benefit more from promoting domesticvalue added and enhancing comparative advantage than developing countries when the developed countries havehigher participation rates and lie further downstream; however,the developing countries benefit more from theGVC when they have lower participation rates and lie further upstream. The political implications are that developing countries need to join in the GVC production network and move upstream in order to get higher earningsfrom exporting and increase competitiveness.