殷墟西北冈西周遗存分析

Analysis of Western Zhou Remains at Xibeigang

殷墟西北冈大墓的早期盗掘坑并非"自然填塞",因而大墓早期盗掘坑中所出西周遗物年代不晚于早期盗掘。安阳地区西周时期墓葬随葬陶鬲具有逐渐小型化的趋势,根据《侯家庄》报告公布的照片或线图中墓主头骨颅长与陶鬲口径的比较可知,大墓之上的小墓年代下限可至西周中期,灰坑中所出陶器也具有可晚至西周中期的特征。由于早期盗掘坑打破这些小墓和灰坑,故殷墟王陵早期被盗年代不早于西周中期。大墓之上的小墓和灰坑仅发现于王陵区西区,西周早期至中期的居址与墓葬混杂分布,根据居葬关系、陶器形制及葬俗等特征推测背后是一批西周早期至中期居葬于此的殷遗民。

Early robbery pits in large tombs at Xibeigang in Yinxu were not ＂naturally filled＂. Therefore, Western Zhou artifacts from these pits should be no later than the early robberies. Pottery li found in Western Zhou tombs in the Anyang region show a tendency of becoming smaller. According to photos and line drawings published in the excavation report ＂Houjiazhuang＇, after a comparison between the lengths of tomb occupants＇ sculls and the mouth diameters of li, it is known that small tombs above the large ones are no earlier than the mid Western Zhou period. Pottery vessels excavated from the ash pits are seemingly dated to the mid Western Zhou as well. As those early robbery pits had disturbed the small tombs and ash pits, early robbery of royal tombs in Yinxu should take place not earlier than the mid Western Zhou. Small tombs and ash pits above the large tombs are discovered in the western part of the royal cemetery only. Settlements and burials from the early to mid Western Zhou are distributed in the same region. According to the relations between settlements and burials, shapes of pottery, burial customs and some other features, they belonged to descendants of the Yin who lived and were buried here during the early to mid Western Zhou period.