职高教育能提升劳动力市场优势吗?——基于CFPS2010的比较研究

Can Vocational Education Increase Competiveness in Labor Market? ——A Comparative Study Based on CFPS2010

高中阶段的普职分流是我国教育分化的关键点。在研究高中阶段的普职分流现象时,以往研究较少探讨普职分流的就业市场回报。本文基于CFPS(2010)的数据,比较了普高、职高毕业生的就业市场表现。研究发现,总体样本中,职高组相对于普高组在市场回报的三个方面(职业声望、职业社会经济地位指数与收入)均具有显著的竞争优势。但在"80后"群体中,职高教育在这三个方面的优势均不显著。并且,在采用倾向值匹配法克服样本选择性差异后,职高组相对于普高组在市场回报上的优势更加不明显了。该结果在一定程度上解释了当下职业教育存在招生难的原因。由此提出建议:发展职业教育至少需在两个方面努力:一是打破现行职高教育体系的封闭性,促进职高教育与高等教育的衔接;二是进一步提升职高教育的比较优势,让职业教育在市场竞争的优势体现出来。

Education Streaming in high school is a key point for equality of opportunity in China. Using the data of CFPS2010,this paper compares the employment and market return of vocational education and general education at high school level,and finds that vocational education at high School level brings more market returns,including SIOPS,ISEI and income. However,in the subsample of the post-80 s generation,the difference of labor market returns between vocational education and general education seems not so statistically significant,including SIOPS,ISEI and income. This explains why there are problems of student recruitment in current occupational education. In general,we believe that improving the quality of education and employment influence should be more important than expanding the scale of occupation education,for the development of education.