“私人范畴”与“社会产物”——宗教信仰方式与宗教治理法治化问题

“Private Realm” and “Social Product”:Modes of Religious Belief and Legalization of Religion Governance

在法治中国、依法治国的语境之中,宗教治理的问题已经从原来的依法管理向宗教治理法治化的方向转型。当中国社会各种宗教的私人化信仰方式制约了宗教治理法治化的形成与作用之时,梳理与分析这种私人化的信仰方式与宗教治理法治化的内在关系,会大有助于宗教治理的法治化水平的提高。"私人范畴"与"社会产物"这一对概念的引入有助于讨论当代中国社会的宗教信仰方式与制度设置对宗教治理产生的直接作用。每一种宗教的信仰方式皆会直接影响或制约宗教治理法治化的进程与相关特征;而梳理并且讨论宗教信仰方式与宗教治理法治化的内在关系,实际上是讨论中国宗教治理法治化的必要前提。宗教治理的法治化,一个基本目的即是把宗教事务管理纳入法治化轨道,同时又不把宗教权利特殊化,反而借助于法治化的实现使各个宗教体系皆能逐步呈现其本应体现的公共化、社会化,而更加透明、理性,彼此之间的关系更加平等、公正,真正与法治结合,建构出当代中国社会中理性的宗教信仰方式。

In the context of rule of law in China and ruling country by law, religion governance is in the transition from administration in accordance with law to legalization of religion governance. Since the private belief mode of various religions in China has restricted the formation and effects of legalization of religion governance, it is beneficial to the strengthening of legalization of religion governance to analyze the internal relations between private belief mode and legalization of religion governance. The introduction of the concepts of 'private realm'and 'social product' is helpful to the discussion on the direct effects of religious belief modes and systems in contemporary Chinese society on religion governance. Every belief mode of religions can directly affect or restrict the development and relevant characters of legalization of religion governance, while the analysis of the internal relations between religious belief mode and legalization of religion governance is actually the prerequisite of the discussion of legalization of religion governance. One of the basic objectives of legalization of religion governance is to bring religious affairs administration into legalization, and not to make religious right privileged at the same time, but to promote every religious system to present the features of publicity and socialization as it should be by the realization of legalization in order to make it more transparent and rational, so that their relationships with each other are more equal and just, besides, combined with rule of law, the rational modes of religious belief will be built in contemporary Chinese society.