《红楼梦》中贾母用榻”的坐姿礼仪与形制考辨

Research on the Sitting Posture and Shape of the Lady Dowager's Couch in A Dream of Red Mansions

通过梳理《红楼梦》中贾母用榻的文字描述,分析贾母常见的用榻姿势,如"独坐"、"独歪"、"端坐"、"歪"等,分析每种坐姿背后所彰显的社交礼仪、等级制度等传统文化,挖掘贾母以"榻"为载体恩威并施、收放得当的社交策略。在此基础上基于《红楼梦》中的文字描述、清代家具资料支撑,从形制、纹饰等方面考证贾母正房、贾母院大花厅中"榻"的接近原型,得出贾母所用榻为清代典型罗汉床形制,该坐具也是凸显贾母在《红楼梦》中核心地位的媒介。

Objective by combing the description of the couch, the posture of ＂sit alone＂, ＂slant alone＂, ＂sit erect＂, ＂crooked＂was analyzed and the traditional culture of Qing Dynasty such as hierarchy and social etiquette was excavated. The shape of the Lady Dowager＇s couch was researched, the aim is to provide reference for the image present in A dream of Red Mansions. Method Based on the text description of the Lady Dowager＇s couch and furniture material of Qing Dynasty, the similar prototype of couch was researched. Conclusion the couch which used by the Lady Dowager is an arhat bed, and it is the carrier to show the Lady Dowager＇s core position.