2013年山东省18岁以上居民吸烟与戒烟行为现状分析

Investigation of smoking and smoking cessation among residents(≥ 18 years old) of Shandong province in 2013

目的 分析2013年山东省18岁以上成年人吸烟与戒烟行为的流行状况,为进一步采取控烟措施提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在山东省19个慢性病危险因素监测点,通过问卷调查的方式,共调查11 254名18岁以上居民,了解其吸烟状况和戒烟情况。经过复杂加权后,分析不同特征人群的吸烟和戒烟情况。运用SAS 9.3软件进行χ~2检验和方差分析。结果 调查对象现在吸烟率为24.02%,经复杂加权后,山东省18岁以上居民现在吸烟率为23.55%（95%CI：21.57%~25.53%）,男性现在吸烟率为45.77%（95%CI：41.81%~49.73%）,远高于女性现在吸烟率（1.32%,95%CI：0.42%~2.23%）。男性每日吸烟率为41.05%（95%CI：37.20%~44.91%）,远高于女性每日吸烟率（1.04%,95%CI：0.40%~1.68%）。男性每日吸烟量为17.45支（95%CI：16.13~18.78支）,高于女性（13.54支,95%CI：10.44~16.66支）。男性开始吸烟年龄为20.16岁（95%CI：19.67~20.65岁）,早于女性（28.21岁,95%CI：23.22~33.20岁）。男性成功戒烟率为12.52%（95%CI：10.30%~14.74%）,女性为14.21%（95%CI：3.13%~25.29%）。结论 山东省成年男性吸烟率高,开始吸烟年龄早,戒烟成功率低,亟需出台更为具体的控烟政策法规。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation in adults of Shandong province in 2013, and to provide the scientific basis for the control strategy of smoking. Methods Muhi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 11 254 adults （≥ 18 years old） as the subjects from 19 surveillance points of non-communicable diseases related risk factors in Shandong province. The investigation was conducted with the questionnaire, and the subjects were divided into different groups. The information of smoking and smoking cessation of different groups was analyzed by complex weighting analysis. The X^2 test and ANOVA were used to analyzed the data with SAS 9.3 software. Results Current smoking rate was 24.02%. After complex weighting, the smoking rate was 23.55% （95%CI：21.57%-25.53%）, the male smoking rate was 45.77%, （95%CI：41.81%-49.73%） which was significantly higher than the female smoking rate （ 1.32%, 95%CI：0.42%-2.23% ）. The daily smoking rate and daily cigarette consumption of males were 41.05% （95%CI：37.20%-44.91%） and 17.45 cigarettes （95%CI：16.13-18.78） which were significantly higher than those （1.04%, 95%CI：0.40%-1.68%; 13.54 cigarettes, 95%CI： 10.44-16.66） of females. The age of starting smoking in males was 20.16 years old （95%Cl：19.67-20.65）,which was significantly earlier than that （28.21 years old, 95%CI：23.22-33.20） in females. The rate of success-quit-smoking in males was 12.52% （95%CI：10.30%-14.74%）. The rate of success-quit-smoking in females was 14.21% （95%CI：3.13%-25.29%）. Conclusion There is a high smoking rate, young age of starting-smoking and low rate of success-quit-smoking in Shandong male adults. The special policies of tobacco control should be improved.