蚓粪对设施番茄连作土壤真菌群落结构的影响

Effect of vermicompost on soil fungi community structure under tomato continuous cropping in greenhouse

采用设施内盆栽试验,探索蚓粪对番茄连作土壤真菌群落结构的调节效果。试验设计4个处理:蚓粪+化肥(EM)、鸡粪+化肥(CM)、化肥(CF)、不施肥(CK)。结果表明:(1)施加有机肥可显著升高连作土壤p H值,CM处理和EM处理分别升高至6.80和6.84,比CK升高了0.34和0.38,比CF降低了0.37和0.41;与其他3个处理相比,EM处理显著增加了土壤有机质、全碳和全氮,有机质比CM、CF和CK分别提高了2.41%、7.86%、9.60%,全碳分别提高了5.09%、7.67%、7.13%,全氮分别提高了7.14%、21.43%、18.57%。(2)施入蚯蚓粪后显著降低了真菌门级优势菌相对丰度,如担子菌门(Basidiomycota)比对照降低约18%,比化肥处理降低约14%,比鸡粪处理略有降低。(3)冗余分析结果表明,p H值对不同处理真菌群落结构影响最大,其次是全氮、有机质、碳氮比、碱解氮、速效钾、全碳和电导率,而含水量与速效磷对真菌群落结构无显著影响。因此,通过蚓粪处理番茄连作土壤可提高养分含量,显著降低优势真菌相对丰度,从而缓解了番茄连作障碍。

A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse on soil fungal community structure of tomato continuous to explore the effect of vermicompost cropping. Four treatments were em- ployed： vermicompost ＋ chemical fertilizer （EM）, chicken manure ＋ chemical fertilizer （CM）, chemical fertilizers （CF）, and no fertilizer application as control （CK）. The results showed that： （1） application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the pH value of continuous cropping soil; CM and EM treatments increased to 6.80 and 6.84, respectively, with an increment of 0.34 and 0.38 compared with CK, and a decrement of 0.37 and 0.41 compared with CF, respectively. Compared with the other three fertilizer treatments, EM treatment significantly increased the con- tents of soil organic matter, total carbon and total nitrogen. Organic matter content in EM in- creased by 2.41%, 7.86% and 9.60% compared to those in CM, CF and CK, total carbon con- tent in EM increased by 5.09%, 7.67% and 7.13%, and total nitrogen increased by 7.14%, 21.43% and 18.57%, respectively. （2） The relative abundance of predominant fungi at phylum level was significantly decreased after vermicompost application. For example, the relative abun- dance of Basidiomycota in EM was 18% lower than that in CK, 14% lower than that in CF, and slightly lower than that in CM. （3） Redundancy analysis results showed that pH value had grea- test influence on fungal community structure of different treatments, followed by total nitrogen, organic matter, carbon/nitrogen ratio, available nitrogen, available potassium, total carbon and conductivity, while soil moisture and available phosphorus had no significant effects on fungal community structure. Therefore, applying vermicompost in tomato continuous cropping soil canimprove soil nutrient contents and reduce the relative abundance of dominant fungi, relieving the tomato continuous cropping obstacle.