日本诺贝尔科学奖出现“井喷”对中国的启示

Japanese Nobel Laureates in Natural Sciences and Its Implications to China

作者对1901—2016年全球诺贝尔科学奖的获奖人数及其获奖时的平均年龄等情况进行考察后,又对日本新世纪17位诺贝尔科学奖得主获奖时的年龄、取得获奖奠基性研究成果时的年龄和升任教授或研究员时的年龄等数据进行了统计。结果发现:日本新世纪17位诺贝尔科学奖得主获奖时的平均年龄高达68岁;取得获奖奠基性成果时的平均年龄只有40岁;升任高级职称时的平均年龄高达43.35岁;获奖时滞长达28年。我们有必要借鉴日本的成功经验,在大学里普遍设立荣誉教授称号;将晋升正高职称时的平均年龄控制在45岁左右;并将科研资源的分配向40岁左右的年轻学者倾斜;而且在建党100周年之前不宜像日本2001年那样提出50年30个诺奖计划。

Focusing on the 17 Japanese Nobel Prize Winners in natural sciences in the 21 ^st century, this article analyzed their average age when they received the prize, made their awarded achievement and obtained their professorship respectively, and compared them with those of the Nobel Prize Winners from 1901-2016. The results showed that the average age when they received the prizes was 68 years old, the average age was 40 years old when they got their main achievement and they obtained senior academic title when they are 43.35 years old. It was averagely 28 years after they achieved the breakthrough when they received the prize. Learning from Japan＇s experience, scientific research would benefit from setting the title of ＂emeritus professor＂ in Chinese universities, allocating more resources to young scholars around 40 years old and an average age of 45 years old for the promotion to senior academic titles. On the other hand, it is inappropriate to set grand targets like ＂30 Nobel Prizes in 50 years＂ as Japanese government did in 2001.