公平关切及低碳视角下供应链两部定价契约问题研究

Supply Chain two Part Tariff Contract with Fairness Preference and Carbon Emissions

低碳环境下,碳排放权作为一种有价值、可交易的稀缺性资源,已彻底颠覆了传统企业的竞争法则、成本构成及盈利模式,被视为低碳时代供应链契约优化与协调的主要对象。文章利用博弈论等相关知识,考虑公平关切及低碳视角下,由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链,分别讨论了当零售商不具有公平偏好及具有公平偏好时,面对有利和不利不公平分配的制造商向零售商提供两部定价契约能否达成协调?以及达成协调时的供应链契约协调参数设置等问题。研究结果表明,只有在制造商和零售商都具有公平偏好,且在竞争型供应链渠道下,当制造商面对不利不公平分配的单位负效用大于某一临界值时,供应链两部定价契约不能达成协调。

In the low carbon economy,carbon emission rights,as a scarce,tradable resource,have radically overturned the competition law,cost structure and profit model for traditional firms.It is also regarded as key object of supply chain contract optimization and coordination.For supply chains,firstly,in decentralized decision mode,dual marginalization effect easily occurs due to local optimization based on players′individual interests.Secondly,for most research concerning supply chain contract coordination and optimization,full rationality is always assumed for decision makers.However,in real management practices,full rationality to maximize its profit is not the case at all.Partial rationality preference such as pursuit of fairness is the same prominent in reality.With the help of game theory,a supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer is established considering their fairness preference from a low carbon view.Respectively with and without fairness preference,two types of pricing contracts proposed by the manufacturer when facing favorable and unfavorable unfair profit allocations are studied to see if coordination could be realized or not.And related issues including coordination parameters setting is also touched on when coordination reached for the supply chain.Results show that both pricing contracts could coordinate the supply chain if the manufacturer prefers fairness and meanwhile,the retailer takes maximal profit as its goal.The utility of manufacturer and retailer′s profit relate only to fairness benefit parameter of the manufacturer,when the manufacturer faces unfavorable and unfair profit allocations.When the manufacturer meets favorable but unfair allocation,comparison between negative utility of such allocation and fair benefits the manufacturer hopes to get1 works in the supply chain profit allocation.When〈nopoly the1＋βm 〈1,the manufacturer will moμm whole profit in the supply chain and the retailer’s profit is zero without any interests driving it.But such a case seldom happens although both contracts can work.When fairness is preferred by both sides,when αm〉1＋α_r/α_ru_mu_r in competitive supply chains,the retailer gets negative utility with wholesale price higherαrμmμr-αr-1 than its marginal cost.Under such circumstances,the retailer has no incentives to join both pricing contracts,thus failing to coordinate the supply chain.