滇牡丹天然群体的表型多样性

Phenotypic Diversity of Natural Populations of Paeonia delavayi

为揭示滇牡丹天然居群的表型变异程度和变异规律，利用31个形态学指标对9个滇牡丹（Paeonia delavayi）的天然居群进行表型多样性研究。结果表明，31个表型性状的变异系数（c．v．）为3．22％-76．12％，种群间的平均变异系数为25.24％，表明滇牡丹居群的表型性状离散程度较高。在研究的9个居群中，纳帕海居群（NPH）和梁王山居群（LWS）分别具有最大和最小的变异系数，其变异系数分别为31．03％和20．11％。滇牡丹表型性状在居群间和居群内存在着丰富的表型多样性，31个表型性状的平均表型分化系数为73．62％，群体间的变异是其表型变异的主要来源。利用居群间欧氏距离进行的UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，滇牡丹9个天然居群可以聚为3类，且表型性状没有严格依地理距离而聚类。基于滇牡丹的表型多样性及变异特征，应尽可能地保护较多的居群；从资源利用的角度则应尽量保护群体的完整性以保存其群体内所蕴藏的观赏性状。

In order to reveal the variation degree and variation pattern of phenotypic in Paeonia delavayi, 31 phenotypic traits of 9 natural populations were investigated. The results showed that ： the coefficient of variation （c. v. ） of 31 phenotypic traits ranged from 3.22 % to 76. 12 %, and the average c. v. between populations was 25.24 %. Those results showed that Paeonia delavayi had high variation degree of the phenotypic traits. NPH and LWS populations had the maximum and minimum c. v. among 9 populations, and the values of c. v. were 31.03 % and 20.11% , respectively. There were significant differences in the phenotypic variation among and within populations. The mean pheuotypic differentiation coefficient was 73.62 %, demonstrating that differentiation among populations was the major source of variation. Using UPGMA cluster analysis, 9 natural populations of P. delavayi divided into 3 groups, and the phenotypie traits did not gather according to geography distance. It was necessary to conserve more populations according to the phenotypic diversity and variation pattern of P. delavayi. The integrality of populations should also be kept in order to preserve as more ornamental traits as possible for further utilization.