水稻热耗散对逆境的响应

Responses of Heat Dissipation in Rice to Stress

非光化学猝灭(NPQ)常用于评估以热能途径耗散的光能(热耗散),热耗散在维持光能转化平衡中起着重要作用,是水稻叶片重要的光防御机制。大量研究表明,热耗散的诱导受跨类囊体膜ΔpH、叶黄素循环和PsbS蛋白等的调控;NPQ与光保护效应不呈线性关系,只有在某些特定条件下,NPQ才可作为光保护效应的有效指标;在高温、低温、缺氮、干旱、盐胁迫等逆境下水稻NPQ显著增加,热耗散可能与水稻抗逆性密切相关。本文从热耗散的诱导和调控机制、NPQ与光保护效应以及水稻NPQ对环境因子(温度、氮营养、水分、盐)的响应等4个方面综述了水稻叶片热耗散的研究进展,并对水稻NPQ与抗逆性关系的研究作了展望。

Non-photochemistry quenching（NPQ）has been used to estimate the level of heat dissipation,which is originally transformed from light energy.Heat dissipation plays a key role in maintaining the balance of light energy transformation,and it is the main mechanism of rice leaf to deal with excessive light energy.Numbers of previous studies have demonstrated that the induced process of heat dissipation is regulated byΔpH across thylakoid membrane,xanthophyll cycle and PsbS protein,etc.The relationship between NPQ and photoprotection is not linear.NPQ only acts as an effective indicator of photoprotection in some specified situation.Heat dissipation is closely related with the stress resistance of rice in that NPQ level in rice leaf increases under stress conditions of heat,chilling,nitrogen deficiency and drought.This paper reviews the recent progress of heat dissipation,and mainly by summarizing the induction and regulation procedure of heat dissipation,the relationship of NPQ and photoprotection and the response of NPQ to environmental factors,such as temperature,nitrogen nutrition,water and salt.The research prospects on the relationship of NPQ and photoprotection of rice is also discussed.