中华绒螯蟹育种群体与野生群体后代生长特性比较研究

The comparative study on growth characteristics of complete breeding and wild populations of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)

为比较中华绒螯蟹育种群体与野生群体后代的生长发育,在生态池塘中放置网箱开展了中华绒螯蟹养殖实验,按照亲本来源和规格不同设置3个处理,处理A:育种群体后代,母本质量为(150.39±5.82)g,父本质量为(300.23±9.61)g;处理B、C:野生群体后代,母本质量分别为(150.47±6.28)g和(250.33±8.68)g,父本质量均为(300.56±10.27)g。每个处理设4个平行,每个网箱放养中华绒螯蟹500只,以水花生为隐蔽物,从大眼幼体开始养殖,保持生长环境相同且适宜生长。经过158 d的养殖,处理A、B和C的体质量分别增长1273.00、1258.17和1363.95倍。长成蟹种后综合指标最佳的是处理C,处理C的体质量、壳长和壳宽显著优于A和B(P<0.05)。处理A平均成活率最高,分别较B和C高1.40%和3.00%。综合研究表明:大规格野生母本后代生长性状优于小规格野生母本后代与小规格育种母本后代,存在母本效应。育种群体较野生群体更能适应池塘水体养殖环境。

In order to compare the growth of the progenies of breeding population and wild population of Chinese mitten crab, cages were placed in ecological ponds to conduct Chinese mitten crab breeding experiment.Three treatments were designed based on different female parent sources and specifications.A treatment： the progenies of breeding population,female parent weight was（ 150.39 ± 5.82） g,male parent weight was（ 300.23 ± 9.61） g; B,C treatment： the progenies of wild population,female parent weight was（ 150.47 ± 6.28） g and（ 250.33 ± 8.68） g respectively,male parent weight was both（ 300.56 ± 10.27） g.Each treatment had four replicates,each cage stocking 500 Chinese mitten crabs,camouflaged by aquatic weed and began to breed from the megalopa time,maintaining the same growth environment and appropriate growth.After 158 days of culture,A,B and C treatment weight increased by 1 273.00,1 258.17 and1 363.95 times respectively.C treatment index is the best treatment when growing into crab species.C treatment is significantly better than A and B treatments in weight,carapace length and carapace width（P〈0.05）.Treatment A survival rate is the highest,1.40% and 3.00% higher than B and C treatments respectively.The comprehensive studies showed that the growth traits of wild large size female progenies were better than wild and breeding small size female progenies,and maternal effect existed.Breeding population can better adapt to the pond water culture environment than the wild populations.