菊黄东方鲀脊柱、附肢骨骼及皮刺的早期发育

Early development of the vertebral column,appendicular skeleton and aculeus in the Tawny puffer(Takifugu flavidus)

采用软骨-硬骨双染色法对初孵仔鱼到56日龄菊黄东方鲀的脊柱、附肢骨骼及皮刺的早期发育进行系统研究。结果表明,第5天髓弓出现,第9天脊柱开始软骨化,第13天脉弓出现,第17天出现硬骨环,并从前往后开始硬骨化,第29天脊柱硬骨化完成。附肢骨骼开始发育的顺序依次为胸鳍、臀鳍和背鳍、尾鳍。胸鳍的发育以2日龄胸鳍的支鳍骨原基的出现为起点,28日龄软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨形成,42日龄胸鳍硬骨化基本完成。背鳍和臀鳍出现在9日龄,29日龄同时开始硬骨化,至38日龄时,硬骨化完成并且出现分支鳍条。尾鳍发育以11日龄长出鳍条为起始特点,至38日龄硬骨化完成。期间伴随着鳍条转移、尾下骨及侧尾下骨生长发育、长出镰刀状横骨等特点。皮刺发育始于4日龄鱼少量肚皮刺的出现,16日龄开始长出头皮刺。所有肚皮刺硬骨化几乎是同时进行,而头皮刺则是从前往后进行。研究结果可为菊黄东方鲀早期发育过程中的功能性、适应性研究及该鱼的系统演化和分类提供依据。

The appendicular skeleton and the aculeus were examined in larvae of tawny puffer（ Takifugu flavidus） from hatching through 56 days after hatching（ d.a.h） by the the clearing and staining technique of cartilage and bone.According to the observation,the vertebral column started to develop from neural arches at 5 d.a.h.cartilage dyeing started at 9 d.a.h,haemal arch appeared at 13 d.a.h,bony ring appeared at 17 d.a.h,and then was ossified from front to back.The vertebral column was ossified at 29 d.a.h.In developing sequence,pectoral fin was the earliest,the anal fin followed it,and then the tail fin.The pectoral fin started to develop from the appearance of pterygiophore primordium of the pectoral fin at 2 d.a.h.The cartilaginous pterygiophore of pectoral fin formed at 28 d.a.h.,and the pectoral fin was basically ossified at42 d.a.h..Dorsal fin and anal fin appeared in the age of 9 d.a.h,and began to ossify in the same age of29 d.a.h.Up to 38 days of age,they were completely ossified,and branch pterygiophores appeared.The caudal fin started to develop from the appearance of pterygiophore at the end of the notochord at 11 d.a.h,and was ossified at 38 d.a.h.During this period,there are some characters followed,like pterygiophore shifted,hypural and lateral hypural developed,sickle shaped trabecular bone emerged and so on.The aculeus began to develop at 4 d.a.h with the emergence of a small amount of belly aculeus,however the scalp aculeus appeared at 16 d.a.h.All of the belly aculeus ossified almost simultaneously,but the scalp aculeus were from front to back.This study can provide the basis for the function and adaptation research,system evolution and classification of tawny puffer during its early development.