试论谢灵运诗中的庄子精神内涵

The Philosophical Influence of Chuang-tzu On Xie Lingyun's Poetry

谢灵运山水诗中一个重要精神源头是庄子,但当下研究往往截去其"玄言尾巴",将谢诗分隔破碎。实际上,"玄言尾巴"和庄子精神是理解谢灵运诗歌的枢纽,是串联其貌似分裂的景与理的主线。首先,谢灵运以贵胄子孙,身处晋宋易代之际,对同为"衰世之书"的庄子产生共鸣,撷取其养生达命之主旨,借以在乱世全身避祸。其次,疾病在谢诗中不仅意味着真实的身体疾病,也具有丰富的隐喻内涵,是支离疏式的象征符号。疾病使诗人从现实生活中退出,回归本真,体味山水。最后,谢灵运取庄子"独往"之意,彷徨于山水中,重获虚静之心,从而达到庄子式的冲虚寂寞。庄子的精神使谢灵运山水诗具有与众不同的肌质。

One of the most important philosophical influences on Xie Lingyun＇s poetry is Chuang-tzu. But researchers for a long time have been cutting off the metaphysical ending and only analyzing the landscape lines in Xie＇s poems. I argue that the metaphysical ending and Chuang-tzu is the key to understand Xie＇poetry. First, Xie, from an aristocrat family, was constantly threatened by the turbulent political environment in Jin-Song transition. Therefore he shares the anxieties of Chuang-tzu and learns Chuang-tzu＇s way to preserve his life in a warring period. Second, sickness in Xie＇s poetry not only refers to real disease, but also has metaphorical meanings. Sickness enables him to retire from real life and return to nature and self. Lastly, Xie absorbs the quintessence of＂travelling alone＂in Chuang-tzu. He would wander about in nature alone and reach a state of complete serenity. The philosophical influence of Chuang-tzu gives Xie＇s poetry a unique texture.