中国产业比较优势演进为何受阻——基于人力资本错配的视角

Why Is China's Industry Comparative Advantage Evolution Blocked:Based on the Perspective of Human Capital Mismatch?

本文基于人力资本错配视角解释了中国产业比较优势动态演进受阻现象。理论研究发现,如果人力资本与产业结构错配,则人力资本规模的提升虽然会在短期引致产业比较优势增加,但增加的幅度逐渐减小;从长期而言,人力资本与产业结构错配使得人力资本规模的增加只能形成静态比较优势,难易形成产业比较优势的动态演进过程。在理论分析的基础上,本文借助中国高技术产业五大类23个行业的面板数据对理论结论进行实证检验,实证结果与理论结论一致。

Based on the perspective of human capital mismatch, the paper explains the phenomenon of the industry comparative advantage evolution blocked. The results found that if the human capital and industrial structure mismatch, in the short term, although the size of the human capital upgrade will lead to industry comparative advantage increased, but the increase of the amplitude decreases, and it is hard to the dynamic evolution process of industry comparative advantage in the long term. Its in- ternal mechanism is mainly manifested in two aspects： Firstly, human capital and industrial structure mismatch limits the scope of human capital externality, and it is bad for industry technological progress to tend to skilled Labor elements. Secondly, mis- match between human capital and industrial structure can＇t makes the industry form scale economy effect. Finally, this paper gives the empirical theory conclusion with the help of China＇s 23 high technology industry panel data, and the empirical results are consistent with theoretical results.