无花果果实发育形态学观察

Morphological observation on fig fruit development

【目的】了解无花果果实发育的形态结构特征有助于为果实成熟调控奠定形态学基础。【方法】以北京设施主栽品种玛斯义陶芬(Masui Dauphine)的果实为材料,通过石蜡切片和扫描电子显微镜对果实发育过程中内部结构进行了观察。【结果】结果表明,无花果果实生长发育呈快-慢-快典型的双S型曲线,"始熟期"为缓慢生长期和第2个快速生长期之间的转折期;果实随着内部的小花逐渐膨大而成熟,在始熟期以前小花膨大主要发生在子房,在始熟期以后小花膨大主要发生在花梗。【结论】子房迅速膨大是果实进入始熟期的标志,而花梗快速膨大是果实进入成熟期的标志。

【Objective】The study of morphological characteristics of the fig development contributes to laying a morphological basis for the regulation of the fruit ripening.【Methods】The internal structure of the developmental fruit was studied by paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy using Masui Dauphine of fig（Ficus carica）,which serves as a main cultivar in Beijing.【Results】The results demonstrated that the processes of the fruit growth showed a fast-slow-fast double sigmoid curve,and the onset of ripening occurred in a transition from the end of the slow growing period to the beginning of the second fast growing period.The fig ripening is couple with the enlargement of the inner florets：before the onset of ripening,the floral enlargement mainly occurred in the ovaries,after the onset of ripening,the floral enlargement mainly occurred in the pedicels.【Conclusion】The rapid enlargement of the ovary represents the onset of ripening,and the rapid enlargement of the pedicels represents the maturity.