环境胁迫下昆虫的耐寒适应机制研究进展

Research progress in the cold tolerance mechanism of insects under environmental stress

昆虫是变温动物,为了安全越冬,昆虫通常改变自身结构和物质构成以适应低温的到来,这一适应机制与体内特殊的生理生化物质紧密相关,如海藻糖、葡萄糖、甘油、山梨醇、脂肪酸和氨基酸等小分子抗冻保护剂。这些抗冻保护剂具有稳定细胞膜结构和保护蛋白质功能的作用。虽然昆虫耐寒性的研究不断深入,但目前我们仍然很难确定影响耐寒的关键因素是什么?为什么有些昆虫在低于-20℃环境下还能存活?为了弄清这一科学问题,科学家们利用转录组、基因组、蛋白质组和代谢组等各种组学剖析低温胁迫后昆虫生理反应的分子机制。本文旨在综述前人对昆虫耐寒性的研究,为将来其他昆虫或动植物的耐寒性研究提供参考依据。同时,也为新型生物农药的开发和天敌昆虫的人工助增提供广阔思路。

As ectothermic animals,insects usually convert its structure and physiological material composition in order to survive safely in winter.This adaptation mechanism is closely related to the special physiological and biochemical substances in the body,such as trehalose,dextrose,glycerol,sorbitol,fatty acids,amino acids and other frost protection agents of small molecules.These antifreeze agents have the function of stabilizing the cell membrane structure and protecting the protein function.Currently,research on the cold tolerance of insects is deepening,but it is still difficult to determine the key factors that affect the cold tolerance.Why some insects can survive below-20℃？In order to clarify the scientific issues,a large number of scholars have used the theory of transcriptomics,genomics,proteomics and metabolomics to analyze the molecular mechanisms of insect physiological responses after low temperature stress.The purpose of this article is to review the cold tolerance aspects of previous studies and provide a reference for future studies of other insects or cold flora and fauna.At the same time,it also provides a broad way for the development of new bio-pesticides and increasing natural enemies of insects artificially.