语义选择分化现象的生成句法分析

A Generative Syntactic Approach to a Special Semantic Diversion

英汉语中都存在一类特殊语义选择分化现象,动词可以选择不同名词作为对象。既往研究认为这种现象由词汇语义的自然属性决定。本研究经过实例拓展认为,起主导作用的是主要信息词项优选机制。在drink例中,优选后自然属性恰好匹配;在break例中,自然属性不匹配,语义调节机制和优选机制共同发挥作用。本研究以不同数量的DP结构来体现两例的结构差异,并认为break例中DP的语义自足和结构不可及提供了DP语段地位的实据;两个DP投射为D’P体现了不同的投射机制,即语义自足但能整合且有介词或连词维系结构。

There exists a structure with special semantic selection diversion in both English and Chinese where the main verb can semantically choose different NPs. The former study deems that this phenomenon is the result of the natural feature of the lexical items. After the exploration of more concerning cases,the present study proposes a different mechanism,the optimal selection of the lexical items with focused semantic information. In the case of drink,the natural features match accidentally after optimal selection while in the case of break,the natural features fail in matching at first and the co-operation of semantic adjust and optimal selection make the semantic selection and match possible. As for syntactic structure,the semantic differences of drink and break are revealed through different levels of DP. In the case of break,the semantic saturation of upper level DP and the inaccessibility of lower level DP support the phase definition of DP. And in this case,the possibility of the projection of two DPs to a D＇P is the result of the available combination of two semantically saturated DP and the preposition or conjunction maintenance.