辽宁省北苍术病害调查及种类鉴定

The survey and identification of disease on Atractylodes chinensis in Liaoning Province

北苍术（Atractylodes chinensis）为我国传统药用植物,具有较高的经济价值和药用价值,近年来在辽宁省东部山区大面积人工种植。为明确辽宁省北苍术主要病害种类及发生危害情况,降低人工驯化栽培可能面临的病害风险,本研究于2011-2015年对辽宁省抚顺、清原和新宾等7个主要北苍术种植区进行了系统调查。结果表明,危害辽宁北苍术生产的主要病害有3种,为苍术叶斑病、苍术炭疽病和苍术菌核病。苍术菌核病多发生于早春,病株率相对较低,约为4.8%～9.9%,但病株死亡率高,达90%以上。苍术叶斑病和炭疽病为辽宁省新发生病害,其中苍术叶斑病分布十分广泛且危害严重,各调查种植区均有分布,以清原地区发病较为严重,病株率约为15.1%～100.0%,病叶率为35.2%～91.8%。苍术炭疽病仅在抚顺、本溪和沈阳发生,抚顺地区发病相对较重,病株率约为25.0%～40.4%,病叶率约为14.9%～54.1%。

Atractylodes chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant,which is highly valued as economic and medicinal crop.In recent years,it has been planted widely in mountain regions of eastern Liaoning Province.In order to reduce the risk of diseases in the culturing of the plant,the major diseases and its occurrence of A.chinensis in seven major producing regions,including Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbin of Liaoning and other regions were investigated from2011 to2015.The results showed that there were three kinds of main diseases,viz.leaf spot,anthracnose and sclerotinia rot.Sclerotinia rot occurred in early spring with a relatively low disease incidence of 4.8%to9.9%,but the mortality of infected plants was over 90%.Leaf spot and anthracnose of A.chinensis were newly found in Liaoning.Leaf spot occurred broadly and seriously,and distributed in all the surveyed regions,but occurred more seriously in Qingyuan,with the diseased plants incidence of 15.1% to 100.0%,and diseased leaves incidence of 35.2% to 91.8%.Anthracnose on A.chinensis occurred only in Fushun,Benxi and Shenyang,and it occurred more seriously in Fushun,with the diseased plant incidence of 25.0%to 40.4%,and diseased leaves incidence of 14.9%to 54.1%.