试论汉代的边疆民族观与治边策略--以《汉书》为中心

On the Perspective of the Frontier Ethnic Groups and the Strategy for Frontier Governance in the Han Dynasty-Centering on The History of the Former Han Dynasty——Centering on The History of the Former Han Dynasty

《汉书》继承并发展了《史记》对统一多民族中国边疆民族的记述,把所有边疆民族都作为统一多民族中国的成员,这样的边疆民族历史观,对于统一多民族中国国家发展历史研究具有积极意义。整个汉王朝时期,国家战略的重点在调整与北方匈奴的关系,所以班固在《汉书·匈奴传·赞》中具体表达了处理汉匈民族关系的基本观点,即处理汉匈民族关系的策略应该是,在和亲的同时,也要进行积极的军事防御与进攻。班固还认为,汉匈民族关系的发展是有阶段性的,汉初汉王朝处于劣势,汉宣帝以后匈奴处于劣势,所以汉王朝处理民族问题的策略是"贵于未战"。

The History of the Former Han Dynasty carries forward and develops the accounts of the frontier ethnic groups in unified,multi- ethnic China in The Historical Records,and regards all the frontier ethnic groups as members of unified,multi- ethnic China. Such a historical perspective of the frontier ethnic groups is of positive significance to the study of the history of China＇ s development. Throughout the Han Dynasty the emphasis of national strategy was on the relationship with the Huns in the north,so Ban Gu expressed in The History of the Former Han Dynasty his basic viewpoint that the strategy for handling the ethnic relations between the Han people and the Huns should include active military defense and attack as well as peace- making marriage. Ban Gu also believed that the development of ethnic relations between the Han people and the Huns went through different phases. In the early Han Dynasty the Han court was at a disadvantage,but after the period of the Han Emperor Xuan,the Huns were at a disadvantage,so the strategy of the Han court for dealing with ethnic problems was＂the value of the absence of war＂.